Piotr Nater
speaker
792 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Aug 2026
last heard 8 Aug
Piotr Nater’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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recordings per month · last 12 monthsRecordings per month over the last 12 months — 1 in all, peaking in Aug 2026 with 1.
Appearances
Transylvania also, Poland's neighbor, had almost wholly ceased to be Catholic.
Its inhabitants were either Lutherans or Anti Trinitarians.
The reform found its way even into Russia.
Not in Moscow alone, but far beyond this capital, along the Volga and in distant north it found ardent adherents.
This religious movement was quickly suppressed in Russia proper, but in Poland it grew more and more powerful.
Zigismund II Augustus, a brilliant and accomplished sovereign, was openly inclined to Protestantism.
Lismanini brought him a copy of Calvin's institution, which the king and his friend, Francis Krashinsky, Bishop of Krakow, set themselves eagerly to study, together with the works of Luther and Melancton.
Zigismund even corresponded with the Genevese reformer.
But he was too politic and not sufficiently devout to declare himself outright for Protestantism before the majority of his people had done so, and
His attitude, however, encouraged the innovators, and in the first years of his reign noblemen banished Catholic priests, monks, and nuns from their estates and established the Protestant worship.
Such a state of things was extremely unwelcome to the Polish clergy.
In fifteen fifty one they assembled together as a national council, under the presidency of the Archbishop of Gnesen as Primate of Poland.
Here for the first time appeared prominently the man that was to be the stay of Catholicism in the East, Nicholas Hosius, son of a burger of Krakau, who, after a brilliant course of study at Padua, had been appointed bishop of Ermeland, and had succeeded in keeping his sea free from the inroads of heresy.
He was a man of great learning, spotless life, profound convictions, and judicious moderation.
At the Synod of fifteen fifty one he introduced a confession of faith, to which all clergymen were required to subscribe.
Under the influence of the papal court, the synod determined to assume an aggressive course and to cite before ecclesiastical courts all heretical noblemen and clergymen.
Such violent measures only provoked the spirit of independence from the nobles, whose representatives, at the National Diet of fifteen fifty two, appeared with the sharpest arraignment of the higher clergy.
A pronounced and zealous favorer of the reform, Raphael Lestrinsky, was elected president of the diets.
The king and he agreed that henceforth all authority to impose any kind of temporal penalties should be withheld from the clergy.
The cause of the Reformation found two prominent champions in the highest circles of the state, John Wasky and Nicholas Rajivu.
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