Professor Catherine Steel

And Caesar, who's called among the praetors elect, that Caesar, rather than just saying, I agree with so-and-so, if you're a senator and you're called into debate, you have to say something, but it doesn't need to be anything more than I agree with X. You don't have to make a speech.

And Caesar, who's called among the praetors elect, that Caesar, rather than just saying, I agree with so-and-so, if you're a senator and you're called into debate, you have to say something, but it doesn't need to be anything more than I agree with X. You don't have to make a speech.

And Caesar, who's called among the praetors elect, that Caesar, rather than just saying, I agree with so-and-so, if you're a senator and you're called into debate, you have to say something, but it doesn't need to be anything more than I agree with X. You don't have to make a speech.

But Caesar stands up and he gives what Sallust, at least, records as a very long speech in which he argues against capital punishment. On grounds partly of illegality, but partly on efficacy and partly on humanity. And it's incredibly influential. Everybody afterwards sort of says, oh, no, I didn't really mean death. No, no, I didn't think we should do that.

But Caesar stands up and he gives what Sallust, at least, records as a very long speech in which he argues against capital punishment. On grounds partly of illegality, but partly on efficacy and partly on humanity. And it's incredibly influential. Everybody afterwards sort of says, oh, no, I didn't really mean death. No, no, I didn't think we should do that.

But Caesar stands up and he gives what Sallust, at least, records as a very long speech in which he argues against capital punishment. On grounds partly of illegality, but partly on efficacy and partly on humanity. And it's incredibly influential. Everybody afterwards sort of says, oh, no, I didn't really mean death. No, no, I didn't think we should do that.

And Silenus stands up and changes his mind and it's all a total mess. Until the younger Cato stands up and says, no, come on, guys, this is a crisis, decisive action. And Cato's measure is the one that's actually put to the vote and it's passed. And then Cicero takes the senatorial decree and he goes off and he executes it within a bad hour.

And Silenus stands up and changes his mind and it's all a total mess. Until the younger Cato stands up and says, no, come on, guys, this is a crisis, decisive action. And Cato's measure is the one that's actually put to the vote and it's passed. And then Cicero takes the senatorial decree and he goes off and he executes it within a bad hour.

And Silenus stands up and changes his mind and it's all a total mess. Until the younger Cato stands up and says, no, come on, guys, this is a crisis, decisive action. And Cato's measure is the one that's actually put to the vote and it's passed. And then Cicero takes the senatorial decree and he goes off and he executes it within a bad hour.

I think so. I think so. I mean, it's quite a high-risk strategy for Caesar, given that there have been rumours that he's involved with Catiline, because he's apparently defending them. So it takes a risk, but it allows himself to locate himself on the side of popular rights. And interestingly...

I think so. I think so. I mean, it's quite a high-risk strategy for Caesar, given that there have been rumours that he's involved with Catiline, because he's apparently defending them. So it takes a risk, but it allows himself to locate himself on the side of popular rights. And interestingly...

I think so. I think so. I mean, it's quite a high-risk strategy for Caesar, given that there have been rumours that he's involved with Catiline, because he's apparently defending them. So it takes a risk, but it allows himself to locate himself on the side of popular rights. And interestingly...

Earlier in 63, there's a legal case that Caesar, I don't think himself talks to, but somebody who's very much known as one of his allies is heavily involved, a man called Labienus, who, if you've read the Gallic Wars, you will see that Labienus is there as second in command constantly.

Earlier in 63, there's a legal case that Caesar, I don't think himself talks to, but somebody who's very much known as one of his allies is heavily involved, a man called Labienus, who, if you've read the Gallic Wars, you will see that Labienus is there as second in command constantly.

Earlier in 63, there's a legal case that Caesar, I don't think himself talks to, but somebody who's very much known as one of his allies is heavily involved, a man called Labienus, who, if you've read the Gallic Wars, you will see that Labienus is there as second in command constantly.

And early in 63, there's a really interesting case, and we know quite a lot about it because Cicero offers the defense. And it relates to events from 37 years earlier in 100 BCE. When there had been civil disturbance in Rome, there had been an attempt to stand illegally for office, there had been the assassination of a candidate, much of it led by the Tribune of the Plebs, Saturninus.

And early in 63, there's a really interesting case, and we know quite a lot about it because Cicero offers the defense. And it relates to events from 37 years earlier in 100 BCE. When there had been civil disturbance in Rome, there had been an attempt to stand illegally for office, there had been the assassination of a candidate, much of it led by the Tribune of the Plebs, Saturninus.

And early in 63, there's a really interesting case, and we know quite a lot about it because Cicero offers the defense. And it relates to events from 37 years earlier in 100 BCE. When there had been civil disturbance in Rome, there had been an attempt to stand illegally for office, there had been the assassination of a candidate, much of it led by the Tribune of the Plebs, Saturninus.

And Saturninus and his followers, things get completely out of hand. Marius is consul, and Saturninus and his followers take refuge in the Senate House. prior they must have assumed to some sort of negotiation, or they must have hoped prior to some sort of negotiation to resolve the crisis. What actually happens

And Saturninus and his followers, things get completely out of hand. Marius is consul, and Saturninus and his followers take refuge in the Senate House. prior they must have assumed to some sort of negotiation, or they must have hoped prior to some sort of negotiation to resolve the crisis. What actually happens