Randall Carlson

So, um, when you look at the tail, there's the other thing that we might get into this here a little bit when we start really looking at the slides is that there's also evidence that you had tremendous high pressure floods moving under the glaciers. So, and they don't have a free surface. So the pressure on the bottom of the water flow is much more conducive to, yeah, this is good.

Look, ground moraine, recessional moraine, and moraine, that's what I was calling terminal moraine. And then you have your, your retreating glacier and right up there, you see newer till, which is being produced right at the snout of the glacier. Um, older till, outwash, um, Now, that's not quite right because the outwash would be that whole green area or the whole tan area.

Look, ground moraine, recessional moraine, and moraine, that's what I was calling terminal moraine. And then you have your, your retreating glacier and right up there, you see newer till, which is being produced right at the snout of the glacier. Um, older till, outwash, um, Now, that's not quite right because the outwash would be that whole green area or the whole tan area.

Look, ground moraine, recessional moraine, and moraine, that's what I was calling terminal moraine. And then you have your, your retreating glacier and right up there, you see newer till, which is being produced right at the snout of the glacier. Um, older till, outwash, um, Now, that's not quite right because the outwash would be that whole green area or the whole tan area.

That's what's referred to as the outwash plane. So you can see there, like you're driving along and it's flat. You're on the outwash plane. Then you get to this hummocky, a bunch of hills and stuff. Now you're at the mooring. And so that's where you can tell, okay, the ice sheet came here and it stopped. It didn't go any further south. It stopped. Um, let's see what we got here. Okay.

That's what's referred to as the outwash plane. So you can see there, like you're driving along and it's flat. You're on the outwash plane. Then you get to this hummocky, a bunch of hills and stuff. Now you're at the mooring. And so that's where you can tell, okay, the ice sheet came here and it stopped. It didn't go any further south. It stopped. Um, let's see what we got here. Okay.

That's what's referred to as the outwash plane. So you can see there, like you're driving along and it's flat. You're on the outwash plane. Then you get to this hummocky, a bunch of hills and stuff. Now you're at the mooring. And so that's where you can tell, okay, the ice sheet came here and it stopped. It didn't go any further south. It stopped. Um, let's see what we got here. Okay.

There's your kettle Lake. So a kettle Lake is when you have an ice piece of ice, a big chunk of ice it's embedded in the moraine. And then when it melts, it leaves a depression it's filled with water. So where I grew up, there were kettle lakes all over the place. Uh, in fact, our property was what I now recognize was probably a kettle Lake. Ah, look at there. Okay, we've got Drumlin.

There's your kettle Lake. So a kettle Lake is when you have an ice piece of ice, a big chunk of ice it's embedded in the moraine. And then when it melts, it leaves a depression it's filled with water. So where I grew up, there were kettle lakes all over the place. Uh, in fact, our property was what I now recognize was probably a kettle Lake. Ah, look at there. Okay, we've got Drumlin.

There's your kettle Lake. So a kettle Lake is when you have an ice piece of ice, a big chunk of ice it's embedded in the moraine. And then when it melts, it leaves a depression it's filled with water. So where I grew up, there were kettle lakes all over the place. Uh, in fact, our property was what I now recognize was probably a kettle Lake. Ah, look at there. Okay, we've got Drumlin.

We've got Eskers. Terminal Moraine. Out, there, yeah, Outwash Plain. So you can see there, you've got the flat area. And then when you hit those hills, boom. And there, look, see where it says came? You see those, the hills? So that was one of the things I used to wonder about. Like, you'd see this farmer's field, and out in the middle, there'd be this big rounded hill.

We've got Eskers. Terminal Moraine. Out, there, yeah, Outwash Plain. So you can see there, you've got the flat area. And then when you hit those hills, boom. And there, look, see where it says came? You see those, the hills? So that was one of the things I used to wonder about. Like, you'd see this farmer's field, and out in the middle, there'd be this big rounded hill.

We've got Eskers. Terminal Moraine. Out, there, yeah, Outwash Plain. So you can see there, you've got the flat area. And then when you hit those hills, boom. And there, look, see where it says came? You see those, the hills? So that was one of the things I used to wonder about. Like, you'd see this farmer's field, and out in the middle, there'd be this big rounded hill.

So growing up in a landscape where the glaciers would advance and retreat and advance and retreat multiple times, it created this whole landscape. And I remember even being a little kid, like having this sense that there was, you know, I'd be looking at things and there was like, I don't know, it's almost like there was like this hidden story in the landscape.

So growing up in a landscape where the glaciers would advance and retreat and advance and retreat multiple times, it created this whole landscape. And I remember even being a little kid, like having this sense that there was, you know, I'd be looking at things and there was like, I don't know, it's almost like there was like this hidden story in the landscape.

So growing up in a landscape where the glaciers would advance and retreat and advance and retreat multiple times, it created this whole landscape. And I remember even being a little kid, like having this sense that there was, you know, I'd be looking at things and there was like, I don't know, it's almost like there was like this hidden story in the landscape.

I mean, I remember even being seven years old one time and standing on this hill looking and just getting this overwhelming sense that there was something about the landscape. And then Later on in life, of course, I have learned all of this. So I can give you an explanation for everything you see on this picture here.

I mean, I remember even being seven years old one time and standing on this hill looking and just getting this overwhelming sense that there was something about the landscape. And then Later on in life, of course, I have learned all of this. So I can give you an explanation for everything you see on this picture here.

I mean, I remember even being seven years old one time and standing on this hill looking and just getting this overwhelming sense that there was something about the landscape. And then Later on in life, of course, I have learned all of this. So I can give you an explanation for everything you see on this picture here.

An esker, like if you've got a fracture in the ice sheet and water is flowing through that fracture and it's laden with sediment, and then when the final flow disperses, it leaves this sinuous trail of till, serpentine almost like, and that'll be an esker. Drumlins are extremely interesting. Drumlins only show up where the glaciers have been.