Roger Karma

It's this big unprecedented shock. That makes what he ended up finding so shocking because he ends up finding that this huge influx of immigrants has virtually no effect on both employment or wages of native-born workers in Miami, including those without a college degree.

It seems completely counterintuitive. There are a few reasons, but I think the big one and the big thing that the common sense view of immigration misses is that immigrants aren't just workers. They're also consumers. They're people who buy things like healthcare and housing and groceries.

It seems completely counterintuitive. There are a few reasons, but I think the big one and the big thing that the common sense view of immigration misses is that immigrants aren't just workers. They're also consumers. They're people who buy things like healthcare and housing and groceries.

It seems completely counterintuitive. There are a few reasons, but I think the big one and the big thing that the common sense view of immigration misses is that immigrants aren't just workers. They're also consumers. They're people who buy things like healthcare and housing and groceries.

And so at the same time that they're competing with Americans for jobs, they're also buying lots of things that then increase the need for more jobs. And I think this sounds counterintuitive, but we think about it in other contexts all the time, right?

And so at the same time that they're competing with Americans for jobs, they're also buying lots of things that then increase the need for more jobs. And I think this sounds counterintuitive, but we think about it in other contexts all the time, right?

And so at the same time that they're competing with Americans for jobs, they're also buying lots of things that then increase the need for more jobs. And I think this sounds counterintuitive, but we think about it in other contexts all the time, right?

When's the last time you heard a Republican politician railing against the upcoming group of high school graduates because they were about to come in and compete with people currently in the workforce? You probably haven't because we understand that population growth has these two sides to it, that people are consumers who create demand for jobs and workers who take jobs.

When's the last time you heard a Republican politician railing against the upcoming group of high school graduates because they were about to come in and compete with people currently in the workforce? You probably haven't because we understand that population growth has these two sides to it, that people are consumers who create demand for jobs and workers who take jobs.

When's the last time you heard a Republican politician railing against the upcoming group of high school graduates because they were about to come in and compete with people currently in the workforce? You probably haven't because we understand that population growth has these two sides to it, that people are consumers who create demand for jobs and workers who take jobs.

And so I think that's the gist of the problem with the conventional view.

And so I think that's the gist of the problem with the conventional view.

And so I think that's the gist of the problem with the conventional view.

It has. So after that study, it got a lot of researchers interested, and this has now been studied in countries all over the world, from Israel to Denmark to Portugal to France, and almost all of the high-quality studies come back with very similar results. I think the one complication in all of this, the one challenge has been, well, what about the least skilled workers?

It has. So after that study, it got a lot of researchers interested, and this has now been studied in countries all over the world, from Israel to Denmark to Portugal to France, and almost all of the high-quality studies come back with very similar results. I think the one complication in all of this, the one challenge has been, well, what about the least skilled workers?

It has. So after that study, it got a lot of researchers interested, and this has now been studied in countries all over the world, from Israel to Denmark to Portugal to France, and almost all of the high-quality studies come back with very similar results. I think the one complication in all of this, the one challenge has been, well, what about the least skilled workers?

What about, okay, maybe on average, Immigrants don't hurt the employment prospects or the wages of native-born workers. But what about the least skilled workers? What about high school dropouts, folks without a high school diploma? And a lot of the more recent literature has shown that even that group doesn't suffer when immigrants come in.

What about, okay, maybe on average, Immigrants don't hurt the employment prospects or the wages of native-born workers. But what about the least skilled workers? What about high school dropouts, folks without a high school diploma? And a lot of the more recent literature has shown that even that group doesn't suffer when immigrants come in.

What about, okay, maybe on average, Immigrants don't hurt the employment prospects or the wages of native-born workers. But what about the least skilled workers? What about high school dropouts, folks without a high school diploma? And a lot of the more recent literature has shown that even that group doesn't suffer when immigrants come in.

And so I think the broad consensus in the literature now is that, right, immigration does have costs. It can exacerbate inequality. Tellingly, the wages of other immigrants often get hurt by new immigration. you could see some negative effects in certain sectors, even if it's balanced out by other sectors.