Chapter 45 - Airway to Heaven: A Primer on Mechanical Ventilation for Emergency Providers

Dr. Harish Kinni, a triple-board-certified emergency medicine and critical care physician and assistant professor at the Mayo Clinic, provides an overview of the fundamentals of ventilator care for emergency department professionals. We will review key modes that we should know, the variables to set, how to adjust them for your patient’s needs, and provide troubleshooting tips and tricks for when things suddenly go awry. This is sure to be one of the most helpful chapters of Always on EM, but don’t let it take your breath away! CONTACTS X - @AlwaysOnEM; @VenkBellamkonda YouTube - @AlwaysOnEM; @VenkBellamkonda Instagram – @AlwaysOnEM; @Venk_like_vancomycin; @ASFinch Email - [email protected] REFERENCES & LINKS Swart P, Nijbroek SGLH, Paulus F, Neto AS, Schultz MJ. Sex Differences in Use of Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in COVID-19-Insights From the PRoVENT-COVID Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jan 3;8:780005. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.780005. PMID: 35300177; PMCID: PMC8923734. McNicholas BA, Madotto F, Pham T, Rezoagli E, Masterson CH, Horie S, Bellani G, Brochard L, Laffey JG; LUNG SAFE Investigators and the ESICM Trials Group. Demographics, management and outcome of females and males with acute respiratory distress syndrome in the LUNG SAFE prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2019 Oct 17;54(4):1900609. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00609-2019. PMID: 31346004. Swart P, Deliberato RO, Johnson AEW, Pollard TJ, Bulgarelli L, Pelosi P, de Abreu MG, Schultz MJ, Neto AS. Impact of sex on use of low tidal volume ventilation in invasively ventilated ICU patients-A mediation analysis using two observational cohorts. PLoS One. 2021 Jul 14;16(7):e0253933. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253933. PMID: 34260619; PMCID: PMC8279424. Evans, Laura1; Rhodes, Andrew2; Alhazzani, Waleed3; Antonelli, Massimo4; Coopersmith, Craig M.5; French, Craig6; Machado, Flávia R.7; Mcintyre, Lauralyn8; Ostermann, Marlies9; Prescott, Hallie C.10; Schorr, Christa11; Simpson, Steven12; Wiersinga, W. Joost13; Alshamsi, Fayez14; Angus, Derek C.15; Arabi, Yaseen16; Azevedo, Luciano17; Beale, Richard18; Beilman, Gregory19; Belley-Cote, Emilie20; Burry, Lisa21; Cecconi, Maurizio22; Centofanti, John23; Coz Yataco, Angel24; De Waele, Jan25; Dellinger, R. Phillip26; Doi, Kent27; Du, Bin28; Estenssoro, Elisa29; Ferrer, Ricard30; Gomersall, Charles31; Hodgson, Carol32; Hylander Møller, Morten33; Iwashyna, Theodore34; Jacob, Shevin35; Kleinpell, Ruth36; Klompas, Michael37; Koh, Younsuck38; Kumar, Anand39; Kwizera, Arthur40; Lobo, Suzana41; Masur, Henry42; McGloughlin, Steven43; Mehta, Sangeeta44; Mehta, Yatin45; Mer, Mervyn46; Nunnally, Mark47; Oczkowski, Simon48; Osborn, Tiffany49; Papathanassoglou, Elizabeth50; Perner, Anders51; Puskarich, Michael52; Roberts, Jason53; Schweickert, William54; Seckel, Maureen55; Sevransky, Jonathan56; Sprung, Charles L.57; Welte, Tobias58; Zimmerman, Janice59; Levy, Mitchell60. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Critical Care Medicine 49(11):p e1063-e1143, November 2021. | DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337  Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, Hodgson CL, Munshi L, Walkey AJ, Adhikari NKJ, Amato MBP, Branson R, Brower RG, Ferguson ND, Gajic O, Gattinoni L, Hess D, Mancebo J, Meade MO, McAuley DF, Pesenti A, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Rubin E, Seckel M, Slutsky AS, Talmor D, Thompson BT, Wunsch H, Uleryk E, Brozek J, Brochard LJ; American Thoracic Society, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and Society of Critical Care Medicine. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 May 1;195(9):1253-1263. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0548ST. Erratum in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun 1;195(11):1540. doi: 10.1164/rccm.19511erratum. PMID: 28459336. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, Oczkowski S, Levy MM, Derde L, Dzierba A, Du B, Aboodi M, Wunsch H, Cecconi M, Koh Y, Chertow DS, Maitland K, Alshamsi F, Belley-Cote E, Greco M, Laundy M, Morgan JS, Kesecioglu J, McGeer A, Mermel L, Mammen MJ, Alexander PE, Arrington A, Centofanti JE, Citerio G, Baw B, Memish ZA, Hammond N, Hayden FG, Evans L, Rhodes A. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun;48(6):e440-e469. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004363. PMID: 32224769; PMCID: PMC7176264. Wang W, Scharfstein D, Wang C, Daniels C, Needham D, Brower R, NHLBI ARDS Clinical Network. Estimating the Causal Effect of Low Tidal Volume Ventilation on Survival in Patients with Acute Lung Injury. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat. 2011. PMC: PMC3197806 Brower RG, Thompson BT, NIH/NHLBI/ARDSNetwork. Tidal volumes in acute respiratory distress syndrome--one size does not fit all. Crit Care Med. 2006. Hager DN, Krishman JA, Hayden D, Brower RG, ARDSNet NIH / NHLBI. Tidal Volume Reduction in Patients with acute Lung Injury When Plateau Pressures Are Not High. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2005. Rubenfeld GD, Cooper C, Carter G, Thompson BT, Hudson LD. Barriers to providing lung protective ventilation to patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2004. Chatburn RL, El-Khatib M, Mireles-Cabodevila E. A taxonomy for mechanical ventilation: 10 fundamental maxims. Respir Care. 2014 Nov;59(11):1747-63. doi: 10.4187/respcare.03057. Epub 2014 Aug 12. PMID: 25118309. Guo L, Wang W, Zhao N, Guo L, Chi C, Hou W, Wu A, Tong H, Wang Y, Wang C, Li E. Mechanical ventilation strategies for intensive care unit patients without acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2016 Jul 22;20(1):226. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1396-0. PMID: 27448995; PMCID: PMC4957383. Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, Ware LB, NIH NHLBI ARDS Network. Comparison of the Sp02/FI02 Ratio and the PaO 2/FI02 in Patients with Acute Lung Injury or ARDS. Chest. 2007. Zhang G, Burla MJ, Caesar BB, Falank CR, Kyros P, Zucco VC, Strumilowska A, Cullinane DC, Sheppard FR. Emergency Department SpO2/FiO2 Ratios Correlate with Mechanical Ventilation and Intensive Care Unit Requirements in COVID-19 Patients. West J Emerg Med. 2024 May;25(3):325-331. doi: 10.5811/westjem.17975. PMID: 38801037; PMCID: PMC11112664.   WANT TO WORK AT MAYO? EM Physicians: https://jobs.mayoclinic.org/emergencymedicine EM NP PAs: https://jobs.mayoclinic.org/em-nppa-jobs   Nursing/Techs/PAC: https://jobs.mayoclinic.org/Nursing-Emergency-Medicine EMTs/Paramedics: https://jobs.mayoclinic.org/ambulanceservice All groups above combined into one link: https://jobs.mayoclinic.org/EM-Jobs

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