Imagine stepping into an operating room where oxygen isn’t guaranteed, capnography is rare, and one anesthesiologist might serve a million people. That’s the reality many patients face, and it’s exactly where meaningful change can save the most lives. We sit down with Dr. Kelly McQueen, professor of anesthesiology and department chair at the University of Wisconsin, to explore what it takes to deliver safe anesthesia in low and middle-income countries and how practical solutions—rooted in training, equipment reliability, and data—can close the gap.We trace how safety became foundational in anesthesiology in high-resource settings while many colleagues abroad still rely on vigilant listening and teamwork to compensate for missing monitors and essential medicines. Dr. McQueen explains the workforce crisis—too few trained providers, concerns with credentialing, limited continuing education—and why the fix starts with lifting current teams, not replacing them. We discuss how ministries of health, medical schools, and national anesthesia societies can drive lasting change by investing in local training pipelines, fair compensation, and clear standards that elevate both physician and non-physician providers.From the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist to Lifebox-style initiatives, we look at how checklists adapted to local constraints can improve outcomes when paired with reliable oxygen, pulse oximetry, and capnography. We also dive into the power of perioperative mortality reviews which can turn scarce data into quality improvement that sticks. Dr. McQueen makes a compelling case for bilateral partnerships that build capability, confidence, and leadership so anesthesiologists can advocate for what their patients need most.If you care about global health equity, safer surgery, and the systems that truly protect patients, this conversation brings clarity and momentum. Listen, share with a colleague, and subscribe so you don’t miss future episodes—and leave a review to help others find the show.For show notes & transcript, visit our episode page at apsf.org: https://www.apsf.org/podcast/281-safer-anesthesia-everywhere/© 2025, The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation

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