Delirium, pain, and prolonged ventilation can feel like “expected” bumps in perioperative care until you look closely at the data. We walk through four recent APSF In the Literature reviews and pull out what’s actually actionable for anesthesia patient safety right now, with clear numbers and real-world implications.First, we dig into a randomized controlled trial of S-ketamine for elderly patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty under neuraxial anesthesia. With general anesthesia out of the equation, the study reports a notable drop in postoperative delirium, raising practical questions about when S-ketamine belongs in your plan and how you weigh neuroprotection alongside analgesia.Next, we shift to the ICU after cardiac surgery and examine evidence on dexmedetomidine sedation and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation. We talk through the key nuance: dexmedetomidine is associated with longer ventilation overall, yet may shorten ventilation time in patients with a high “sedation burden,” highlighting how stacking sedatives can change the outcome you’re trying to optimize.We then move to labor and delivery with a large prospective cohort on pain during cesarean delivery with neuraxial anesthesia, including higher risk with urgent cases and epidural top-ups, plus an important signal on language and the need for interpreters. We close with a pediatric trial where EEG-guided sevoflurane titration reduces emergence delirium and speeds recovery in the PACU.Subscribe for weekly, evidence-focused anesthesia insights, share this with a colleague, and leave a review so more clinicians can find the latest perioperative patient safety updates.For show notes & transcript, visit our episode page at apsf.org: https://www.apsf.org/podcast/308-we-break-down-the-latest-evidence-on-safer-anesthesia-care/© 2026, The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation

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