You are faced with a young patient with low rectal cancer who is a complete responder to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. He asks if he should undergo surgical resection despite the absence of visible tumour. How do you approach such a question? Join Dr. Carole Richard, Dr. François Dagbert and Dr. Maher Al Khaldi in their conversation about the Watch and Wait strategy for rectal cancer, also known as the Organ Preservation strategy. Learning objectives - To understand the rationale for Watch and Wait Strategy and the proportion of patients who become complete clinical responders. - To explain how patients under the Watch and Wait Strategy protocol should be followed up and when to consider a patient a clinical nonresponder. - To understand the inclusion criteria for patients in the Watch and Wait Strategy References In order throughout the episode [1–3]: 1. Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, Sabbaga J, Ribeiro U, Sousa AHS e, et al. Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment for Stage 0 Distal Rectal Cancer Following Chemoradiation Therapy. Transactions Meet Am Surg Assoc. 2004;122(NA;):309–16. 2. Valk MJM van der, Hilling DE, Bastiaannet E, Kranenbarg EM-K, Beets GL, Figueiredo NL, et al. Long-term outcomes of clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD): an international multicentre registry study. Lancet. 2018;391(10139):2537–45. 3. Fernandez LM, Julião GPS, Figueiredo NL, Beets GL, Valk MJM van der, Bahadoer RR, et al. Conditional recurrence-free survival of clinical complete responders managed by watch and wait after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database: a retrospective, international, multicentre registry study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(1):43–50. Please visit behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.

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“What did the council decide on item 42?” — answered with the speaker and the moment.

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