In this episode of Below the Surface, the hosts discuss cybersecurity topics, including vulnerabilities in UEFI shells, vendor trust issues, Citrix's new dual-boot solution, and techniques for bypassing Windows Defender. They also explore the implications of AI in Linux environments and the ongoing controversy surrounding AI math theft. In this conversation, Vlad and Paul discuss OpenAI's recent controversial achievement in solving a significant mathematical problem, raising ethical concerns about data usage and the implications for the AI community. They explore the future of local AI models, innovations in firmware analysis tools, and techniques attackers use on Linux systems. The discussion emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity practices and the need to stay vigilant about potential vulnerabilities. Articles: https://nerds.xyz/2026/08/citrix-uniconos-linux-dual-boot-windows-recovery/ https://ipurple.team/2026/09/09/windows-security-center/ https://x.com/rynorhn/status/2097223532438487463 https://brownfinesecurity.com/blog/introducing-moria-and-mithril https://sansec.io/research/stylesmuggler-0day Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Below the Surface Podcast 02:06 Vulnerability in UEFI Shells 14:16 Trust Issues with Vendors 15:46 Citrix's Unicon OS: A Dual Boot Solution 21:28 Windows Defender Bypass Techniques 26:54 AI and Linux: New Developments 32:06 The Controversy Over AI Math Theft 32:10 OpenAI's Controversial AI Achievement 35:13 The Ethics of AI and Data Usage 38:12 The Future of Local AI Models 39:19 Innovations in Firmware Analysis Tools 44:58 Understanding Linux Malware Techniques 52:05 Best Practices for Securing Linux Systems

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