02 - La Divina Comedia - Inferno (Los 9 Círculos del Infierno) - Dante Alighieri
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Today I bring you a summary of an extremely unique book, which is Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, specifically the first chapter called Hell. This book, I think it's important to take a step back and explain the cultural context in which Dante was at the time of writing it. He starts the book in 1308, he finishes it in 1320, it took him 12 years to complete. And he lived in Florence. The Renaissance begins in the year 1300. He is in the middle of all this cultural, social, religious boom. And he also realizes that there is a boom of corruption within Florentine society. So he brings all those sins that he sees to this poem. It is not a very common story, it is a poetry, in fact, which is what we call the Divine Comedy.
The difficult thing about this book is that there is no exact translation of it. It was written in a very ancient Italian, and I repeat, it is a poetry, it is an epopeya. They cannot be translated well into different languages. To maintain the rhymes, the different poetic elements, it is difficult to get the words, without mentioning that there may not be any, to maintain, let's say, the normal flow that a poetry has. But what we do know is that Dante divides the world in three parts, hell, purgatory, both are found here on earth, and paradise, which is in the heavens. If it seems very obvious to you, or perhaps this is very basic, it is because in truth, today we take many things from this story of the Divine Comedy.
When Dante writes the Divine Comedy and it becomes something so popular, Those representations, those details that he gives of hell, those details that he gives of the heavens, are things that artists later on, like Michelangelo, from the Renaissance, take to base their works. So the first images or the most important images that we have of heaven, of hell, of Satan, of God, come largely from the details that Dante Alighieri gave us in the Divine Comedy. So now that we understand more clearly the context of how he wrote this book, let's start summarizing it. The story begins with Dante, Dante in fact is the main character of his own work. He is in a forest, he is lost, he cannot go out, it is a dark, macabre forest, there are beasts that do not let him escape and the ghost of Virgil appears to him, who is a poetic idol of Dante.
And he tells him that he is coming to save him, he is coming to get him out of there, but in order to do so, we have to go through hell. And here is when Dante paints hell as something as ancient as the same world. It is something within the earth, it is found here, and it is in the form of, let's say, a funnel of circles, a well. And each circle punishes a type of sin. And each sin is worse the more you advance in the circles. If you have ever heard the phrase I am in the seventh circle of hell, the fifth circle of hell, that comes from here, from this work. So Dante begins to cross each of these circles and part of the summary that we are going to do is explain what each circle contains, what kind of sin, how is the punishment and even the famous characters that are found in these circles.
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