The Bhagavad Gita is a major Hindu scripture. It is also known as the Gita is part of the Mahabharata. The Bhagavad Gita is considered to contain the essence of Hinduism. It is a synthesis prioritizing dharma and bhakti. The Gita has been celebrated by Neo-Hindus and Hindu nationalists for its emphasis on duty and action, which they have taken as a basis for their activism for Indian nationalism and independence. The text is structured into 18 chapters. Each chapter is referred to as a yoga. The second chapter begins the philosophical discussions and teachings found in the Gita. The ideas and concepts in this chapter reflect the framework of the Samkhya and Yoga schools of Hindu philosophy. The final and longest chapter, Chapter 18, offers a final summary of the teachings in the previous chapters. It gives a comprehensive overview of Bhagavad Gita's teachings, highlighting self-realization, duty, and surrender to Krishna to attain liberation and inner peace. Key themes in the Gita include: The Gita accommodates dualistic and theistic aspects of moksha. It revolves around the relationship between the Self and a personal God, or Saguna Brahman. The Gita treats three forms of spiritual discipline - jnana, bhakti and karma - to attain the divine, but does not elevate any one path above the others. The Gita rejects "actionless behaviour" and relegates the sacrificial system of the early Vedic literature as a path based on desires. Commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita include: The Gita has been translated into many languages, including Persian and English. The Gita has been adapted in popular culture. The text discusses duty (svadharma) and the caste-system. There are Neo-Hindu interpretations of svadharma, as well as criticisms of svadharma and the caste system. The Gita also discusses the topic of war. Some view it as an allegory of war. It has been interpreted as promoting just war and duty. There are also pacifist interpretations of the Gita. Some have approached the Gita from a psychotherapeutic perspective. In addition to the above, the source material also includes the following information about the Bhagavad Gita: The Bhagavad Gita is part of Vedic literature. The second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita summarises the contents of the whole text. In the second chapter, karma-yoga and jnana-yoga are discussed, and a glimpse of bhakti-yoga is also given. The Bhagavad Gita describes three kinds of activities according to the different modes of nature: goodness, passion, and ignorance. It also describes three kinds of eatables in goodness, passion and ignorance. The Gita teaches the path of selfless action in Chapter 3 and other chapters. It emphasizes that action should be undertaken after proper knowledge has been applied to gain a full perspective on "what the action should be". The Gita is presented as a conversation between Arjuna and Krishna. Arjuna asks Krishna about the nature of life, Self, death, afterlife and whether there is a deeper meaning and reality. Krishna teaches Arjuna about the eternal nature of the soul (atman) and the temporary nature of the body, advising him to perform his warrior duty with detachment and without grief. The text summarizes the Hindu idea of rebirth, samsara, eternal Self in each person (Self), universal Self-present in everyone, various types of yoga, divinity within, the nature of knowledge of the Self and other concepts. Chapter 1 includes Arjuna's lamentations about the impending war. The Bhagavad-Gita also includes discussion of the nature of the Supreme Being, and the material and spiritual worlds, as well as different types of yoga. It also includes descriptions of the divine powers of Krishna. The text discusses the three modes of material nature: goodness, passion, and ignorance.

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