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Know Thyself

E183 - Nir Eyal: How Your Beliefs Shape What You See (And Hold You Back)

24 Feb 2026

Transcription

Chapter 1: What is the main topic discussed in this episode?

0.031 - 4.898 Nir Eyal

People who consider themselves lucky see literally with their eyeballs more opportunities.

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Chapter 2: What is the difference between fact, faith, and belief?

4.978 - 20.942 Nir Eyal

You don't have to change your mind, but what you can do is to say, you know what? That pair of sunglasses that I've been wearing, I'm sick of those sunglasses. Let me try and look at the world through a different pair of lenses, figure out what are those limiting beliefs that are keeping us from what we really want, and then replacing them with what I call liberating beliefs.

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20.922 - 26.53 Nir Eyal

My family came to America when I was three, and by the time I was six, they had been scammed out of every dollar they had.

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Chapter 3: How do our beliefs shape our perception of reality?

26.831 - 41.632 Nir Eyal

So your brain is constantly one step ahead based on what it thinks is going to happen, and how does it know that? Based on what happened in the past. And then I came across this study that blew my mind. Learned helplessness is this concept that over time, if nothing you do works, you learn to be passive. Turns out it's exactly wrong.

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41.913 - 62.218 Nir Eyal

It's to demonstrate that if the power of the mind can exclude pain, can change through its belief what enters conscious awareness through the power of attention, What else can we do? Each of us creates our own simulation, and how can we show this? It's called the coffer illusion. It's the same image, and you tell me whether you see rectangles or circles, I know where you're born.

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Chapter 4: What is the role of learned helplessness in our lives?

68.594 - 92.937 André Duqum

Hey everyone, welcome back to the Know Thyself podcast. Our guest today is a best-selling author who teaches and sits at the intersection of psychology, technology, and unlocking human potential. He is somebody that is a really eloquent teacher, exploring habit building, the distracted mind, beliefs, and the invisible forces that are shaping our life, often unbeknownst to us near y'all.

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92.957 - 93.758 André Duqum

Thank you for being here.

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93.738 - 94.961 Nir Eyal

My pleasure. Thanks for having me, Andre.

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95.422 - 98.368 André Duqum

What is the difference between fact, faith, and belief?

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98.989 - 120.077 Nir Eyal

Okay, so a fact is an objective truth. It's something that is true whether or not you believe in it. So the world is more like a sphere than it is flat. Sorry, flat earthers. The earth doesn't care what you think. Okay. You just lost all your Flat Earth audience. I wonder how many there are. Yeah, probably not that many. That's a fact, okay? Now, on the other end of the spectrum is faith.

120.598 - 128.638 Nir Eyal

Faith is a conviction that does not require evidence. What happens in the afterlife? God rewards the righteous. These things don't demand evidence.

Chapter 5: How can we identify and overcome limiting beliefs?

128.618 - 148.568 Nir Eyal

In between fact and faith is what we call a belief. A belief is a conviction that is open to revision based on new evidence. And what's so amazing about these beliefs that I think most people don't realize is that we can choose them. That beliefs are not the same thing as facts and faith. That beliefs are not truths. They're tools.

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148.548 - 157.616 Nir Eyal

And so just like a carpenter wouldn't say, oh, this is the hammer. It is the one and only true tool. A carpenter says, okay, sometimes for the job, the tool is a hammer.

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Chapter 6: What techniques can help us manage distractions?

157.696 - 170.688 Nir Eyal

Sometimes it's a wrench. Sometimes it's a saw. And the carpenter would use the right tools for the job. We can do the same thing with our beliefs. But of course, that's not obvious to us that we have these hidden limiting beliefs that we all carry around.

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Chapter 7: How do expectations influence our experiences?

170.728 - 181.401 Nir Eyal

Everyone I've ever met has them. And we can't see them in ourselves, but we can oftentimes see them in others. We can definitely see them in everyone we're close with. And yet these aren't obvious to ourselves.

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181.761 - 200.487 Nir Eyal

And so what's critical, it turns out, in terms of enhancing human performance, happiness, well-being, sense of peace, is to figure out what are those limiting beliefs that are keeping us from what we really want and then replacing them with what I call liberating beliefs. Going from limiting to liberating. Exactly. And the difference is super important.

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200.527 - 211.026 Nir Eyal

A limiting belief is something that saps motivation, that increases suffering. Whereas a liberating belief is something that supplies motivation and decreases suffering.

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213.31 - 218.138 André Duqum

How important is it for us to understand the distinction between those three and how it changes how we live our life?

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219.4 - 237.972 Nir Eyal

I think that... The majority of our personal, interpersonal, and even political problems come from the fact that we don't differentiate between these three things, fact, faith, and beliefs. That far too many of what we think are facts turn out to be nothing more than beliefs.

237.952 - 254.538 Nir Eyal

And we hold onto them with this utter conviction as if it is true because to us, the way the brain sees reality is filtered from our beliefs. Now, how does that happen? We know that the brain is taking in at every given second 11 million bits of information. 11 million bits.

254.779 - 271.738 Nir Eyal

So the light hitting your eyes, the sound of my voice into your ears, the ambient temperature of the room, this is creating 11 million bits of information. To put that in perspective, Andre, that's reading War and Peace twice every second. Okay, tremendous amount of information. The brain can't consciously process all that information.

271.718 - 297.83 Nir Eyal

So what it does, it can only actually consciously process about 50 bits of information. 50 bits of information is about one sentence per second, okay? So your conscious mind is processing only about .000045% of the information coming into it. And so how does it deal with that information? It uses what's called predictive processing. Your brain doesn't see reality as it is. That's impossible.

297.89 - 307.648 Nir Eyal

It can't. So it's actually creating a simulation of reality. So your brain is constantly one step ahead based on what it thinks is going to happen. And how does it know that?

Chapter 8: What practices can lead to personal growth and fulfillment?

549.35 - 570.683 Nir Eyal

I need to see the studies. I need to see the research. I need to see the video to really prove that this kind of stuff really happens. And anyone can pull up these videos. I've seen this specific one myself, this guy by the name of Daniel Gissler. And Daniel is a commodities trader. very numbers guy, super analytic, and doesn't believe in anything he can't, you know, touch and feel.

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571.665 - 590.251 Nir Eyal

And in his early 50s, he breaks his ankle. He had a freak accident and he had to get some pins put in his ankle. And then a few years later, he has to have them taken out. And in the meantime, he came across this technique called hypnosedation. And hypnosedation, it's not magic. It's not like stage hypnosis. It's not an act.

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590.672 - 608.85 Nir Eyal

It's just the process of teaching your brain to focus on different bits of information. So again, there's 11 million bits out here entering your brain, but you're only processing 50 bits of information. So he could learn how to pick and choose those 50 bits of information. And so what that gave him the power to do

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608.83 - 634.595 Nir Eyal

was that when he went inside the operating room, and I've seen the tapes, I wouldn't believe it unless I had actually witnessed this. He went through a 55-minute operation where scapel was cutting through flesh, where metal was screwed out of bones, taken out of his body, completely... under hypnosedation with zero local anesthesia, zero general anesthesia, all through the power of his mind.

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634.655 - 646.385 Nir Eyal

So why do I say this example? It's not to convince anybody to do hypnosedation. I'm not an advocate for that necessarily, even though many people see remarkable results. Tens of thousands of people have done it in Europe. Many hospitals in Switzerland and France do this.

647.306 - 659.907 Nir Eyal

It's to demonstrate that if the power of the mind can exclude pain, can change through its belief what enters conscious awareness through the power of attention, What else can we do, right?

659.967 - 679.83 Nir Eyal

All the things that block our path, all the pain, all the suffering that leads us to quit our goals, whether it's quitting that business we wanna start, giving up on that relationship, giving up on that goal that we have for ourselves, it's because of pain, that that's the primary block. And so the path forward is with persistence.

680.411 - 689.327 Nir Eyal

So if we can unlock that capability that we all have within us through the power of beliefs, What can't we accomplish? There's so much we can now do.

690.235 - 704.268 André Duqum

How do expectations come into this? I saw you refer to it in your book, The Wine Study. There's many different examples of this. I'm curious how what we are expecting to experience colors how we feel about the experience. Yeah.

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