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Radiolab

The Age of Aquaticus

25 Apr 2025

Transcription

Chapter 1: Who are the key scientists behind discovering life in extreme heat?

45.144 - 46.845 Unidentified Male Guest 1

Hi, how you doing? How are you?

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46.925 - 48.745

Is a scientist maimed.

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48.905 - 49.926 Unidentified Male Guest 1

Long time no talk.

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50.186 - 58.231 Hudson Freeze

Hudson Freeze. Dr. Freeze. You know, there have been a lot of comments on that. What's Freeze doing working on hot stuff, right?

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59.632 - 85.666

Anyway. So the story that I brought Hud here to tell actually happened at the beginning of his career 60 years ago or something. But I've been thinking about this story a lot in the last couple months. Because, I don't know, every time, you know, like just a new headline comes out, which is like funding cuts to the National Science Foundation or National Institutes of Health or NASA.

85.766 - 94.85 Maria Paz Gutiérrez

Yeah. Just the sort of gutting, the avalanche of cuts to publicly funded science and basic research that we are witnessing right now.

94.87 - 115.48

Yeah. I guess maybe for now it's enough to say that Hudson Freeze's story, it kind of feels to me like a parable for the moment we are in right now. Okay, so let's just start way at the beginning. How did you get involved in any of this?

116.417 - 136.036 Hudson Freeze

Well, let's see. I was born in a small railroad town in Indiana. And as a junior in high school, I spent some time at Indiana University. It's thrilling, you know, for somebody who hasn't seen more than a two-story building before. This was a big deal. And I met faculty people there.

136.797 - 140.22

Hud says he actually did a science project while he was there.

Chapter 2: What was the scientific consensus about life above 73℃ before this discovery?

1709.05 - 1711.151

Multiplying COVID RNA so it was detectable.

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1711.551 - 1718.584 Unidentified Male Guest 6

Okay, this is, it's almost eerie that, like, these hot worms led us to COVID tests.

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1718.624 - 1722.03

Yeah, and it's hard to know how many more people would have died without them.

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1722.271 - 1722.772 Maria Paz Gutiérrez

Totally.

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Now, obviously, the development of PCR was not just Carey. It was this huge team effort. But in 1993... Dr. Carey Mullis, I now ask you to receive the Nobel Prize from the hands of His Majesty the King. Carey Mullis wins the Nobel Prize.

1741.202 - 1744.524 Hudson Freeze

And the critical component is the TAC polymerase.

1745.012 - 1750.818

And, you know, I did ask Hudson Freeze, like, are you, like, bitter that you didn't win the Nobel Prize?

1751.019 - 1752.921 Hudson Freeze

But that isn't why you do the science, right?

1752.961 - 1753.121

Right.

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