Vaccinated or not, we’re on the brink of a measles epidemic

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Why is measles resurging in the United States and what states are most affected?

Steve Inskeep 0:01
This week on Up First, we talk about the economy. Trucks, trains, and tractors run on diesel, which is now priced at record highs, with less than 50 days until the midterm elections. So the next six weeks are going to be intense. Let Up First get you through it one morning at a time with three stories you need to know each day. Listen to Up First on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.
Unknown 0:24
You're listening to Shortwave from NPR.
Regina Barber 0:30
Remember the schoolyard rhyme, Miss Lucy Had a Baby? Some people jumped rope to it. Some people learned a hand clapping game. And there was always this one line. Measles said the doctor. Mom said the nurse. Nothing said the lady with the alligator purse. The funny thing is that when I was a kid, measles and mumps weren't super common. Researchers developed a combined childhood vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella in the 70s. It was so effective that measles was declared eliminated in the States in 2000. So most people in the U.S., including me, haven't ever experienced it. But measles is making a comeback. Right now, there are ongoing outbreaks, hundreds of cases, mostly among unvaccinated people, documented in states like South Carolina, Texas and Utah.
Regina Barber 1:23
In Pennsylvania, where the outbreak is biggest, the state health department has reported 792 cases with four measles-associated deaths. And that last term, measles-associated deaths, has prompted a lot of conflict between politicians like Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro.
Josh Baker 1:44
We're trying to figure out, you know, who
Peter Sagal 1:47
those deaths were and they actually happened and we can't figure that out. I blame RFK and people like him who have spread misinformation and disinformation.
Regina Barber 1:57
But while all these politicians argue, health experts worry that we're overlooking the real problem.
Michael Mina 2:03
I would say we are very much on the road towards an epidemic.
Regina Barber 2:09
This is Michael Minna. He's been studying measles for the last 15 years. He's an immunologist and epidemiologist, plus the chief medical officer at biotech companies InVivid and Truvian.
Michael Mina 2:20
We could certainly start to see a greater explosion of measles cases as we move into the future.

How does measles damage the immune system and what is immune amnesia?

Michael Mina 2:26
I think it's very likely that the United States will probably lose its elimination status, you know, towards the end of this year.
Regina Barber 2:33
So today on the show, the measles outbreak. Which deaths are caused by measles versus which ones are associated with it? And is there any way for us to turn this epidemic around? I'm Regina Barber, and you're listening to Shorewave, the science podcast from NPR.
Josh Baker 2:54
Austin Tice is an American journalist who disappeared over a decade ago while reporting in Syria. And for years, we've been searching for him.
Marielle Segarra 3:04
This looks like a secret passage.
Josh Baker 3:06
I'm just pushing the door so you can get in. Go, go, go. Listen to Where Is Austin Tice from NPR's Embedded and BBC Radio 4 on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.
Peter Sagal 3:21
Hey, it's me, Peter Sagal, host of Wait, Wait, Don't Tell Me. It's leaf peeping season, so why not peep our weekly news quiz while you're at it? We've got comedians, celebrities, and games to help laugh about the week's news, and you can listen while you're spicing your pumpkins, whatever people do. Listen every week to Wait, Wait, Don't Tell Me on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.
Unknown 3:42
Opposition to data centers cuts across party lines, which is rare in Wisconsin politics. But who has the power to decide whether a data center is built? We'll dig into the politics of data centers and who has power in Wisconsin on the Swing State of the Union podcast from WUWM, a part of the NPR Network. Listen on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.
Regina Barber 4:06
Okay, Michael, so before we get into this current measles outbreak, can you explain what the measles virus does to our bodies?
Michael Mina 4:13
Yeah, measles is much more than just a fever and a rash. Measles causes a tremendous amount of damage to your immune system. All sorts of organs that are involved in your immune response are really under attack.
Regina Barber 4:27
Yeah. In fact, you were one of the researchers who discovered something called immune amnesia caused by measles.

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