Cosmic Queries – The Fractal Universe with Charles Liu

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StarTalk with Neil deGrasse Tyson 58 min 4 speakers 7 chapters transcribed just now
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How does the fractal nature of the universe relate to deep‑space travel energy limits?

Neil deGrasse Tyson 0:00
We had our geek in chief join us for Star Talk Special Edition Cosmic Quaries Grab Bag. Yeah. We went everywhere. Fractals in the universe, fractals in our brains. Yeah, and and I made enemies on three continents. Again. Mm-hmm. Coming up, Star Talk Special Edition. Welcome to Star Talk. Your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide. Dark Talk begins right now. This is Star Talk Special Edition, which of course means I got right beside me here Gary O'Reilly. How you doing, Gary? I'm good, Neil. How's things? Very good, very good. And of course, Chuck Nice. What's up? What's that? So this is an uncommon installment of Star Talk Special Edition, where we are doing cosmic queries like we do over in Star Talk Flagship.
Neil deGrasse Tyson 1:00
We're gonna do cosmic queries that are sort of focused a little bit on the themes of the show, but also it's gonna reach out into the quantum realm. Oh yeah. And who's who could best serve that in the world than our geek in chief, Charles Lou. Hey Charles. Hey Neil. Hi guys. What a pleasure to be here. A pleasure to be here. Thank you for having me. Thank you for
Unknown 1:24
having me.
Neil deGrasse Tyson 1:28
The crowd cheers. Welcome back. Uh I'm just gonna remind people that you recently published a book, The Handy Quantum Question Book. Give me the full title of that.
Charles Liu 1:38
The Handy Quantum Physics Answer Book.
Neil deGrasse Tyson 1:41
Excellent. Yes. Very good. Yeah. And because we all need handy answers to quantum questions. And given that this is the state of mind you've been in answering people's queries, we thought we'd bring you on to a Cosmic Queries installment of Special Edition. So Chuck, Gary, you've got the questions? Yeah. Indeed. And they're they're asked by our Patreon supporter. Quarters, the entry level gets you this you don't even just the entry level gets you the access.
Gary O'Reilly 2:14
Cup of coffee per month.
Neil deGrasse Tyson 2:16
Less than a Starbucks cup of coffee. Yes. Yeah, where do you get your coffee check? Well,
Gary O'Reilly 2:20
I I drink Very good coffee.
Chuck Nice 2:28
All right, so who's first up? Uh this question from Marcus Rodzon, I believe that's how you pronounce it. If not, I apologize. Hey Neil and team. Uh when you look at the real bottlenecks of deep space travel from payload mass and transit times to life support and propulsion, is space exploration basically just a massive energy problem? If we had something with the insane energy density of Iron Man's ARC reactor, How dramatically would that rewrite the rules of interstellar interstellar travel? Thanks and cheers from Switzerland. So this question is from a regular Einstein.
Neil deGrasse Tyson 3:04
And just remind me in fact Iron Man's Arc Reactor, is that what's buried in his chest? Yes.
Gary O'Reilly 3:14
He gets a ton of energy for free from a sip physics basics. Yeah. Yeah. It's so unlikely it's ridiculous, but but it's but it's but it's cool because it's Iron Man and it's the arc reactor. So
Neil deGrasse Tyson 3:27
And just to be clear, Chuck, Iron Man is the least unbelievable. Marvel character of them all. So to say, oh, that's ridiculous, if you're saying that about him, you then none of the other characters mean anything to you.
Charles Liu 3:43
Uh I would No no no Hawkeye, the Black Widow before she got her brain implant retcon and things like that. Uh there's some pretty good superheroes without uh Iron Man's Armor. But Iron Man's Armor, yes, indeed, it evolved. Originally it was designed to keep his heart going because he had it had been damaged. But then Nan became more and more and more powerful until now he's like godlike because he has. This armor. But the interesting question, Marcus, is indeed, uh, if you had essentially infinite energy, would we be able to zip around the stars with no problem? And the answer, alas, is no. Uh and the reason is uh general theory of relativity. Okay. Uh the special theory of relativity itself would suffice as well.
Charles Liu 4:27
In 1905, as you know, Albert Einstein, who was at that time doing his PhD work in Switzerland, uh, had basically come up with an explanation that the faster you go, you can get more and more massive at the same time. And therefore you will Never reach the speed of light because you will reach infinite mass and it takes infinite energy in order to go there.

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