What happens when the machines we build begin to reshape the world faster than we can understand it?In this thought-provoking conversation, Peter Norvig reflects on his decades-long journey through artificial intelligence, from experimenting with early AI systems in the 1980s to witnessing today’s explosion of large language models. He shares how even pioneers in the field were surprised by the path AI took, especially the rise of neural networks trained on massive data rather than carefully hand-coded rules. Together, the discussion explores how AI has evolved, what it means for everyday users, and why some of its biggest breakthroughs, like programming automation and protein folding, signal a profound shift in how knowledge and innovation happen. Beyond the technology itself, the conversation turns to the deeper societal questions: income inequality, job displacement, democratization of AI, and the risk of wealth concentrating among a few dominant players. Norvig offers a balanced perspective, neither utopian nor dystopian, emphasizing that while AI may eliminate certain jobs, it also creates new opportunities, particularly for adaptable thinkers and entrepreneurs. From universal basic income to guardrails, third-party safety certifications, and the ethics of AI regulation, this episode challenges us to think not only about what AI can do but about the kind of society we want to build alongside it.Peter Norvig is a leading computer scientist and one of the world’s most influential voices in artificial intelligence. He is the Director of Research at Google and previously held leadership roles at NASA and Sun Microsystems. A pioneer in natural language processing and machine learning, Norvig co-authored the classic textbook Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, used in universities around the globe. What You’ll LearnFrom AI Hipster to AI Pioneer: How the Journey Began The Surprising Path That Led to Modern AI Income Inequality in the Age of Automation Will AI Be Democratized or Dominated? Why Programming Was Transformed First Guardrails, Regulation & Third-Party SafetyAdaptability: The Most Important Skill for the Future Purpose, Dignity & Redefining Work in an AI World ⏱ Timestamps00:00 Intro00:58 The Unforeseen Consequences of AI04:49 The Race Between AI Giants08:13 Will AI Widen Income Inequality?13:13 Should We Be Nervous About the Future?15:09 Universal Basic Income vs. High Income Future18:29 How Fast Will Jobs Really Change?21:55 Why AI Needs Better Funding in Health & Biology24:00 Could AI Replace All Jobs?25:19 Should AI Be Nationalized?28:11 Realism Over Optimism or Pessimism31:25 Is the American Dream Still Possible in AI?34:22 Will Entrepreneurship Get Easier or Harder?36:40 Why Adaptability Is the Ultimate Skill37:58 What Real AI Guardrails Should Look Like41:11 Did Early AI Pioneers Expect This Moment?43:45 The Most Overhyped Claim About AI45:42 The Next Big Breakthrough in AI48:08 Will AI Ever Become Conscious?50:48 The Most Undiscussed AI Risk53:47 Which Jobs Will Surprisingly Thrive?54:48 What Would Truly Worry Me57:02 How Do We Redefine Purpose in an AI World? Follow Peter:Website: https://www.norvig.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/pnorvig Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/norvigpeter/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/peter.norvig/ Books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B000AQ4JBU Connect with Julian📸 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thebeyondtomorrowpodcast/ 📸 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/juliankissa/ LinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/julian-issa 🌐 Website: www.beyondtomorrowpodcast.com📩 Email: [email protected]🎧 Subscribe on Spotify, Apple, and YouTube for more stories from the edge of what is possible.

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