In this opening lecture, Dr Heather Heying invites listeners on an exploration of the deep structures that underlie both scientific inquiry and the human experience of knowing. Moving fluidly between biology, philosophy, and the history of ideas, she challenges inherited beliefs while seeking reconciliation through a broader epistemic lens. Weaving together Darwin's early evolutionary sketches, the concept of universals, and the distinction between biotic and abiotic origins, she explores how evolution shapes everything from molecular structures to symbolic expression, and how the universals of biology illuminate both human uniqueness and our continuity with the rest of life. Along the way, she reclaims the scientific method from dogma, distinguishes between biotic and abiotic origins, and examines the patterns of similarity and difference that reveal descent with modification. Ultimately, this talk is an invitation to see science not as a closed system of answers, but as a living mode of inquiry, attuned to both mystery and discovery. Applications for Ralston College's MA in the Humanities are now open. Learn more and apply today at www.ralston.ac/apply Subscribe for updates at: www.ralston.ac/subscribe Authors and Works Mentioned in this Episode: Nicole Oresme Galileo Mendeleev Willi Hennig Von Baer - On the History of the Development of Animals Ernst Haeckel

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