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Today, Explained

Is your brain lying to you?

21 Dec 2025

Transcription

Chapter 1: What is the main topic discussed in this episode?

0.031 - 22.936 Unknown

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23.376 - 51.752 Unknown

Odoo replaces multiple expensive platforms for a fraction of the cost. That's why over thousands of businesses have made the switch. So why not you? Try Odoo for free at odoo.com. That's O-D-O-O dot com. Support for this show comes from Odoo. Running a business is hard enough, so why make it harder with a dozen different apps that don't talk to each other? Introducing Odoo.

0

52.232 - 78.84 Unknown

It's the only business software you'll ever need. It's an all-in-one, fully integrated platform that makes your work easier. CRM, accounting, inventory, e-commerce, and more. And the best part? Odoo replaces multiple expensive platforms for a fraction of the cost. That's why over thousands of businesses have made the switch. So why not you? Try Odoo for free at odoo.com. That's O-D-O-O dot com.

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83.427 - 89.061 Jonquilyn Hill

If you don't know what tinnitus is, it's like that ringing you hear in your ears after getting out of a loud concert, but it's all the time.

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89.101 - 96.981 Pascal Wallisch

The din of the tinnitus just constantly going. It's like man's search for meaning, basically, but in your brain.

98.243 - 106.011 Unknown

Okay, before we jump in, I need you to do me a favor. How do you pronounce this word?

106.792 - 115.081 Noam Hassenfeld

Aha, yeah, okay. So there are two ways to pronounce it. Most people say tinnitus, but all the researchers I spoke to say tinnitus.

117.324 - 125.753 Unknown

This is my colleague Noam Hassenfeld. He hosts Unexplainable, a show all about exploring scientific mysteries.

125.868 - 129.859 Noam Hassenfeld

When I reported this episode, I said tinnitus. That's the one I chose.

Chapter 2: What is tinnitus and how does it affect people?

345.8 - 351.251 Unknown

That is so weird. Why would a hearing test not pick up on this if it's so persistent?

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351.471 - 371.73 Noam Hassenfeld

Yeah, so this is what I found so fascinating about this recent research that's been going on. This is research that Stefan was doing at Mass Eye and Ear in Boston. It's something called hidden hearing loss. Basically... In your ear, there's fibers that respond to soft sounds and there's fibers that respond to loud sounds.

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372.391 - 398.529 Noam Hassenfeld

So that means there's fibers that respond to whispers or kind of the ASMR stuff. And then there's fibers that really get activated if you're crossing the street or near an airplane or a vacuum cleaner or something. And on a hearing test, what they do is they put you in this soundproof room. The audiologist sits next to you, says, raise your hand whenever you can hear a beep.

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398.549 - 418.841 Noam Hassenfeld

And the beep gets softer and softer and softer until you can't hear the beep. And what they're doing is just testing the soft fibers. They're just testing if you can hear the quietest possible noise. And if you can hear the quietest possible noise, they say, hey, your hearing's fine. But that doesn't test damage that could happen to the loud fibers.

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419.623 - 436.093 Noam Hassenfeld

And you can see what happens to people who have damage to loud fibers if you're in a restaurant and notice that you can't understand the person across from you. It might be loud, might be in a bar or something. But if you're in a quiet room, you'll have no problem hearing the conversation.

436.533 - 449.287 Noam Hassenfeld

What's happening there is you have damage in your louder fibers, and that damage is not gonna show up on a hearing test. But that damage could lead to tinnitus. That's the type of hidden hearing loss that could end up leading to tinnitus.

449.768 - 457.937 Diana Deutsch

So the gold standard of hearing evaluation around the world to this day is completely insensitive to the loss of those fibers.

458.778 - 467.155 Unknown

Well, I will say I've been blaming the restaurant situation on the fact that why is there a DJ in here? It's so loud. Well, it's just too loud, right?

467.175 - 473.428 Noam Hassenfeld

I mean, come on. Like, we don't need a scientist to tell us they need to turn the music down at a restaurant.

Chapter 3: How do doctors diagnose tinnitus when hearing tests are normal?

1435.711 - 1453.832 Pascal Wallisch

It is very real in your mind, even though your mind generates it. I'm sure you have seen faces in clouds that were not there or faces in your wallpaper. So this is actually very common. Yes. You're seeing meaning everywhere. This is like man's search for meaning, basically. But in your brain, your brain search for meaning and you attach this to everything.

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1453.998 - 1461.105 Unknown

Okay, yeah, I have looked up at the clouds and seen things. So that's my brain constructing my visual reality.

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1461.187 - 1472.039 Pascal Wallisch

Yes. My biggest flex is that I figured out why some people see the dress, the infamous black and blue slash white and gold dress that was serviced in February of 2015.

0

1472.259 - 1478.506 Unknown

Batten down the hatches. Now time for the great debate, all right? This one has everyone asking, what color is this dress?

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1478.787 - 1487.136 Kelly

And now it's being called the dress that broke the internet. Riddle me this. What's black and blue or gold and white? And has us debating all over.

1487.276 - 1489.118 Pascal Wallisch

By the way, what did you see? Is that white and gold or black and blue?

1489.098 - 1498.288 Unknown

I saw black and blue, but my friends saw white and gold. And I was like, am I like, what do you mean you see white and gold? That doesn't look anything like white and gold.

1498.689 - 1501.318 Pascal Wallisch

And are you more like a night owl or more like a morning person?

1501.906 - 1504.849 Unknown

I have developed into a morning person.

Chapter 4: What is hidden hearing loss and how does it relate to tinnitus?

1559.898 - 1566.169 Pascal Wallisch

Like, if you listen to Japanese or Italian. So some languages are very Spanish, has a very fast, like, cadence.

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1566.149 - 1578.899 Kelly

Once you start to learn the language, you will start to hear breaks in the words, but they're not there.

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1579.34 - 1584.512 Pascal Wallisch

They are put in by your mind. There is no objective break between the words. This parsing signal comes from you.

0

1584.813 - 1592.302 Unknown

Oh, wow. That's so interesting. Is there a hypothesis or a reasoning why our brains work this way? Why they do this?

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1592.762 - 1609.622 Pascal Wallisch

Of course, absolutely. Your senses is not there for your viewing pleasure. It's there for survival. So you survive better than otherwise. Yes. And if you were sitting around until you have all of the information, until all the sensory information was unambiguous, some other animal would have already eaten your lunch or maybe eaten you.

1609.602 - 1629.404 Pascal Wallisch

And all of your ancestors that that happened to, they're no longer with us. They're in a better place now, I guess. But you're the offspring of survivors who, the moment they could make a call, they made a call, they acted on it. And often, to boost that time-wise, to be faster, you have to put in your own guesses. So you basically have to jump to conclusions.

1630.005 - 1648.392 Pascal Wallisch

And the idea is the conclusion can be wrong, but it's better than not to act. I'll give an example. Let's say you're in the forest, and there is actually a tiger somewhere in the forest. and you start getting a bad sense of it, maybe you smelled something faint, maybe you saw a little toe of a tiger somewhere, and then you bolted, you left.

1649.674 - 1665.021 Pascal Wallisch

Your ancestors who were like, I need more information, they want to see the full tiger before I make any moves, well, they're eaten by the tiger, because by the time you see the tiger, it's too late. And what's the cost of being wrong? Well, you got a little scared, but that's okay. You know, we can live with that, literally. Maybe a little scared, we have an anxiety disorder.

1665.061 - 1671.349 Pascal Wallisch

It's not great, but you are alive. Whereas if you're wrong in the other way, you're dead, and you cannot reproduce.

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