Part 2 turns from the proposed guideline framework to its potential use in practice. Dr. Mandel explains how clearer follow-up intervals may help de-escalate surveillance for benign nodules. She also identifies the clinicians most likely to use the planned app, particularly those who interpret ultrasound and make decisions about FNA. The conversation examines why thyroid ultrasound remains subjective, even as imaging technology improves. Dr. Mandel discusses commonly overcalled features, variation among readers and the importance of evaluating nodules through real-time imaging rather than relying only on selected static images. These limitations help frame both the promise and the challenge of using AI in thyroid ultrasound. Dr. Mandel sees an especially valuable role for AI in medical education, where it could help less experienced readers strengthen their interpretation skills. She also imagines future clinical tools that integrate patient factors, imaging and cytology into a more complete risk assessment. The episode closes on a personal note as she reflects on mentorship, curiosity, patient relationships and the importance of building a meaningful life beyond one’s career.

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