开普勒猜想最早出现在1611年，德国天文学家兼数学家开普勒写的一本科普小册子里：论六角形的雪花（On the six-cornered snowflake）里。这个开普勒现在最出名的当然是开普勒行星运动三大定律，但他看来是天文、地理都爱好，他也研究过雪花的形状，所以写了这本关于雪花的小册子。在这本小册子里，开普勒提到了他与英国数学家托马斯‧哈利欧特曾有过通信，通信中他们曾经讨论过当时英国著名冒险家沃尔特·雷利（Sir Walter Raleigh）提出的一个问题：怎么堆放加农炮弹最有效率？这个雷利是当是非常出名的冒险家，也博学多才，帮英国开拓了不少美洲的殖民地。作为一个船长，他当然也关加农炮单怎么堆方的问题。当时的加农炮弹大家电影里都看到过，都是一个个大铁球。在船上狭小的空间内，我们当然希望加农炮弹堆的密度越大越好。用稍微数学语言来表达就是：在一定的空间内，填充相同大小的小球，怎样的填充方式可以使填充密度最大？右上：六方最密堆积。右下：面心立方堆积。密度约为74%。获取完整讲稿和图片，请关注订阅号：dalaoli_shuxue知乎专栏：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/dalaoli-shuxue
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