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David Butterfield

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192 total appearances

Appearances Over Time

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TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

One of the terms of the treatise at the end is that Athens has to have a tyranny. So 30 tyrants are installed, just like as happens in the Spartan government, where there's 30 old men running the show alongside the two ceremonial kings. An attempt is made to make Athens sparta. Again, it doesn't last, but thousands of people are killed. It's a bit like the latter days of the French Revolution,

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Toivottavasti on niin helppoa saada uusi jÀrjestelmÀ, mutta uusi jÀrjestelmÀ jatkuu nopeasti ja loppuu sydÀmellÀ. Kysymyksesi on, miten Athen on vahvistunut. 404 jÀlkeen on vielÀ 60 tai 70 vuotta yhdistystÀ, mutta lopulta

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Oma tuntee, ettÀ projekti on loppunut, innovaatio vÀhentyy filosofiaalisten koulutuksen ulkopuolella, ja Philipin ja Aleksanderin kasvatuksen jÀlkeen Athens on loppunut. Se ei kuitenkaan taistella uudestaan poliittisesti maailmassa.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

They were streets ahead, weren't they? They were. The Spartans are a very interesting case study, and they're almost unique, not just in the Greek world, but cross-culturally. They are a populace that decided early on that their thing was going to be military excellence.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

It doesn't seem as though they ever really stepped back to interrogate why that's the goal. They just remain wedded to it. And they operated in a different way from the Athenians, even from the get-go, because whereas all of these Greek city-states had slaves, generally slaves were non-Greeks. They were captured or purchased somehow from outside the Greek world. And for Greeks of this period, if you don't speak Greek, you just speak ba-ba-ba, you're a barbaros, a barbarian.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Joten he olivat syrjÀhtÀviÀ. Mutta Spartanit voivat vahvistaa eri kreikkoja Peloponniassa ja tekevÀt heidÀt tietysti syrjÀhtÀviÀ. HeidÀt kutsuttiin helottiin eli kappaleisiin. Joten Sparta pÀÀtti aiemmin, ettÀ eri kreikkoja voivat olla heidÀn syrjÀhtÀviÀ.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Se oli ongelmallista, koska nÀmÀ helotsivat yhdessÀ ruotsia, ja he voisivat toimia yhdessÀ ja vahvistaa hallituksen niin, ettÀ tyypillinen rauha ja tyypillinen ruotsalaisuus ei voisi ja ei voisi.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Joten melkein kÀsittÀmÀllÀ itsenÀisiÀ valoja, Sparta pitÀisi tulla hyvin militaarisoitunut. Ja se laittoi kaikkea siihen. Luonnollisesti syntyessÀ naiset olisivat testattuja. He olisivat laittaneet ekstremiltÀ militaaritestintÀstÀ. Sitten he olisivat lÀhettÀneet koulujen aikana kaksi vuotta, jotta he eivÀt löydÀ itseÀÀn, vaan jotta he voivat tunnistaa, ettÀ he ovat todellinen mies maailmassa.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

HeidÀn elÀmÀnsÀ jÀlkeen he olisivat ympÀröimÀssÀ sotilaallisesta aktiivisuudesta. Mutta tÀssÀ on asia. Sparta ei oikeastaan halunnut empiiriÀ. Se ei ollut saavutettavaa toiminnassa ulkomaalaiset kolonialueet ja spartiallinen kulttuuri. Se halusi vain jÀÀdÀ itsessÀÀn, mutta itsessÀÀn oli paradoksaalisesti sotilaallisuus.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

So Thucydides was very puzzled by Sparta. He couldn't understand why a culture that was so self-confident did so little of those things I said at the start about civilization. It wasn't really memorializing itself. It wasn't thinking of its long-term future. It wasn't spending time on culture. It wasn't concerned with that. It was concerned with being a number one military machine. So he said, although Sparta and Athens are these two great dominant entities in the Greek world,

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

When a future generation looks at the ruins of these two cities, they will imagine Athenian prowess to have been double what it actually was, such is the splendor of what they've left to us. But the ruins of Sparta will be so meager that no one could imagine how big a role Sparta played in world history. So they are an enigma, and they wrote very little, which adds to their mystique.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

mutta romaanskirjoituksen aikana, toivottavasti, Sparta tuli vÀhÀn kuin Disneyland. Se oli teemaparkki, jossa ihmiset katsoivat ja ymmÀrsivÀt tÀmÀn yllÀttÀvÀn militaarisen elÀmÀnmukaisuuden. Ja spartanit laittivat esiin, koska heillÀ ei ollut mitÀÀn voimaa. He olivat romaanskirjoittaneet tÀllÀ hetkellÀ. He olivat vain elÀmÀssÀ ainoa asia, jota he tiedivÀt, miten tehdÀ, joka oli elÀÀ vieraan nÀkökulmasta.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

MitÀ VestissÀ voi oppia, kun puuttuu Aamuun ja erityisesti Aamuun? MitÀ opetuksia voidaan ottaa siitÀ? On vaikea ottaa opetusta Aamuun puuttuvuun, koska se on hieman monimutkaisempaa. Se liittyy Roomen kasvaukseen, eikÀ Aamuun palkkaamiseen. Aamu on erityisesti tÀrkeÀ asia.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

I do think hubris needs to be a recurrent word. The Athenians did become too confident in their own principles and in their own futurity. And by virtue of that, they didn't allow themselves to innovate and to rethink.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Socrates' whole goal when wandering around the agora and buttonholing people and interrogating them about their supposed expertise is that people don't really know how much they don't know. They're ignorant of their ignorance. He of course famously said, the one thing that I know is that I know nothing. This was allegedly the root of his wisdom.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Mutta etenkin Sokratiassa olevien kysymyksien jÀlkeen, etenkin etenkin etenkin etenkin etenkin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenikin etenik

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

and vulnerable to complete political 180s, such as a tyranny stepping in and initially being welcomed by the people. So the lesson is, if you want stable government, you need to have broad extension of power

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

but also genuinely self-reflective modes of interrogating how the power works. You need education. You need to take the process of your own governance seriously. Merit matters.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

merit is not equally apportioned between everyone, and you need to be able to have grown-up conversations about who can do what better and who is not doing things well. So obviously all of those are rather banal things to say, but one of the striking things about Athenian democracy is how little at the time it interrogated its principles. And you're talking about having grown-up conversations about apportioning merit.

TRIGGERnometry
How Civilisations Die - Ancient Greece Expert David Butterfield

Are we doing that in the West? Because a lot of what you're saying about the downfall of Athens... To be honest, there's a few alarm bells ringing in my head. Yeah, we're in a much worse place than late-day Athens. Late-day Athens had still a system of delegated trust in your fellow Athenians that they knew enough to be involved in the shared conversation, and ultimately there was a shared goal, which for Athens was the survival of the city-state.