Dr. Miguel Toribio-Mateas

and very little bifidobacterium or very little lactobacillus or something.

And that's a clear, clear picture.

There may be pockets of literature that are telling us a bit of the story, but the story is not completely clear.

It's almost like trying to be a clairvoyant looking into a crystal ball and you get a glimpse, but you don't get the whole story.

So you get a little, you know, like a crap clairvoyant, you know, I want my money back because you haven't told me the future.

And the situation is a little bit like that.

And also you need to take into account that a lot of the research is done in small samples.

So you have studies on like 50 people at the time, 100 people at the time.

We haven't got really big organized studies on thousands of ADHD people at the time, comparing them with thousands of non-ADHD people.

But what we do now is that there may be quirks in not only the composition of those microbes that live in the gut, so are they different to somebody else's without ADHD, but also how they function, and that's really important as well, and that's

Now we know that you could have an identical microbe.

You could have something called fecal bacterium that makes butyrate, which is this fatty acid that nourishes the gut lining.

So it makes the gut lining healthy.

It makes the ecosystem in the gut healthy.

But it also helps with mental health.

It is like an anti-inflammatory waxy molecule that smooths out the edges of mental health conditions in the brain because it travels through the blood and the vagus nerve into the brain and it can do positive things in the brain.

We do tend to know from the literature that in an ADHD or an autistic brain or a combination of both, and in other flavors of neurodivergence, there may be a lack of two things.

The microbes that actually make that butyrate, so that fecal bacteria may be lower, but also you could have a sleepy fecal bacteria.

So you could have one that is almost the same level as somebody who's neurotypical, but is a bit...

struggling to make enough butyrate.