Elizabeth Jo

speaker

2,299 appearances 6 recordings 1 series first heard Jun 2025 last heard 27 Mar

Elizabeth Jo’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Recordings per month over the last 12 months — 4 in all, peaking in Mar 2026 with 1.

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99% Invisible · Constitution Breakdown #5: Dr. Tom Frieden · 26 Dec 2025 podcast

Inferior officers can be, but they don't have to be.

They can be appointed by another part of the federal government.

So think of the appointments clause as the hiring clause of the Constitution.

When can the president hire people himself?

Or when can Congress decide, hey, we want some other part of the government to do the hiring of these top executive officials?

Okay.

So that's hiring.

Pretty important, right?

Who gets to run different aspects of the federal government?

Now here's the other aspect.

Hiring implies firing, right?

That's

Something we think of, well, presents can do that, right?

Well, the problem here is that Article Two says nothing about when officers can be fired or to use the constitutional language, be removed from office.

So what we have is a set of practices and the Supreme Court.

Everyone agrees that the president can certainly fire members of his own cabinet for any reason.

The secretary of defense, secretary of state, they can all just be fired because the president just wakes up one day and says, I don't like you, you're fired.

That's fine.

That's absolutely within the president's power.

And our guest for later on in today's episode, Tom Frieden, who was director of the C D C.

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