Eric Topol

So if that, I think, does reflect the kind of impact you were on to the sleep story, you know, sooner, earlier than anyone I know.

And what I wanted to do today was kind of get to the updates, because you taught us a lot back then.

And a lot of things have been happening in these years since.

You're on it, of course.

I think you have a podcast, Sleep Diplomat, and you've obviously continued working on the science of sleep.

But maybe the first thing I'd ask you about is, in the last few years, what do you think has been, are there been any real changes or breakthroughs in the field?

Absolutely.

You know, when I saw the other recent report on the short sleep gene variant and thought about what the potential of that would be with respect to potential drug development, or could you imagine genome editing early in life that you don't need any sleep?

I mean, crazy stuff.

It was amazing, but...

Yeah.

No, I, the mechanism, you know, of course we have to work out and also the, what you mentioned regarding the social and the behavior engagement, all that sort of thing.

It was just fascinating stuff.

Now, we touched on one thing early on to come back to, the glymphatics.

These channels to get rid of the waste metabolites from the brain each night that might be considered toxic metabolites.

We've learned a lot about those.

And of course, there's some controversy about it.

What are your thoughts?

Yeah.

I mean, first of all, it's great that you straighten out the controversy because that's exactly what I was referring to.