Eric Topol

Now, the other trials you mentioned, though, are much smaller than the arm of the estrogen alone, the 10,000.

So I admit that certainly they're randomized and helpful.

And I know you rely on that type of strong, hard evidence.

Now, let's do a lightning round of some organs of the body.

Bones.

Yeah, now that's actually one of the things I was going to get to in just a minute, which is why don't we partition risk for these conditions more.

But okay, so, and by the way, when you go on this lightning round, tell us if there's any difference in your views regarding combination therapy or estrogen, whether it's local or systemic alone.

Okay, so bone, I think we all would agree there's some benefit in women of risk of osteoporosis.

Heart disease, heart attacks, heart, as you say, atherosclerosis.

Okay.

Clotting, like DVT, pulmonary embolus.

Okay.

Cognitive benefits.

Okay, good.

Diabetes, insulin resistance.

Okay.

Now, before I ask about the next one, let me just review.

So in the mouse model,

If you take an old mouse and you put in young mice ovaries, you extend lifespan.

But now I also, of course, the former director of AHRP, Renee, who you probably have interacted with, she wrote, the only organ in humans that we just accept to fail is the ovary.