Eric Topol

And of course, there's been so much consternation about healthspan.

What are your thoughts on that?

Because some of the anti-aging companies are thinking about rejuvenating or extending the life of ovaries in the years ahead in humans, of course.

So that's why I asked you that question.

I mean, it's all speculation whether it could be achieved, whether it'd be safe, whether it'd be worthwhile, I think.

Yeah, no, that's great.

The immune system is something, as you know, we can't measure in the clinic.

And the only place it can up until now be measured was in academic labs with various T and B cells and interferons and antibodies and sequencing of the T cell, B cell, receptor.

Anyway, it's very convoluted and difficult.

But

The discovery of organ clocks, which includes the immune system, has been interesting because in a big study and now replicated by others, by Tony Wiskory and Stanford, they found that the immune system in those women who were taking estrogen was,

shifted to a younger immune system clock.

That is, the pace of aging was slowed.

It's not a randomized trial, but it's an interesting point because it's something we haven't been measuring in the clinic.

I mean, it's something to watch.

I don't know if you want to make any comment about that, but the immune system does seem to be important as a driver of healthy aging.

In a full agreement.

Okay, now let's move.

Before I go into the partitioning of risk, you mentioned that your practice of use of MHT hasn't changed over the years.

And I suspect, you know, the way it was pre-WHI was that some approximately 30% of women were getting MHT.