James Fodor

speaker

3,084 appearances 4 recordings 1 series first heard Jun 2026 last heard 30 Aug

James Fodor’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Recordings per month over the last 12 months — 4 in all, peaking in Aug 2026 with 2.

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The Science of Everything Podcast · Episode 163: The Standard Model of Particle Physics · 8 Aug 2026 podcast

You'll actually just create new quarks using all the energy that you're adding in.

This gives rise to color confinement, which means that quarks can never really get very far apart from each other when they're bound together.

And we don't see long-distance interactions between colour charged particles.

They're always bound together.

Generally, in groups of two or three or five, there's different possible combinations, but they always have to be colour neutral.

We never see isolated quarks that just have a single color.

We, as far as we know, that colour-charged particles

Are always bound up together in color neutral combinations.

So this can either be three different quarks or three different anti-quarks.

So red, green, and blue combine together to give something that's color neutral or anti-green, anti-red, anti-blue.

The other possibility is that you can have two quark combinations with, say, anti-blue and blue, or red and anti-red and so forth.

So that's the other combination that can um

i give rise to an overall charge neutral object.

Composite particles made up of these of three quarks are called handrons, and these are the bound states that are formed by the the strong force, just like we have atoms that are formed by electromagnetism.

Handrons, so protons and neutrons, are the bound states that are formed by the strong force.

And they always consist of three three quarks together, which when combined

have a overall colour neutral charge.

So they need one of each uh colour charge.

Hadrons can actually have more than three quarks.

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