James Fodor

speaker

3,084 appearances 4 recordings 1 series first heard Jun 2026 last heard 30 Aug

James Fodor’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Recordings per month over the last 12 months — 4 in all, peaking in Aug 2026 with 2.

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Whereas the gauge bosons can be thought of as energy.

They mediate interactions between particles.

Although confusingly, WNZ bosons also have mass.

So that's not exactly as clearly a distinction as we would like.

But we're trying to help you to understand the distinction.

So loosely you can think of fermions are matter and gauge bosons are energy.

Although again, some of them also have mass.

But the photons obviously are massless, as are gluons, so they don't have mass either.

W and Z bosons do have mass.

And that input that difference actually turns out to be quite important.

Uh we'll come back to later.

All of the fermions have mass.

It was historically not clear whether il whether neutrinos had mass.

It it seems increasingly clear that they they do have mass, and indeed to explain neutrino oscillation they must have mass.

So I'm just gonna talk about it as if they do have mass.

Some presentations of the standard model will still talk about neutrinos as being massless.

That's just because we haven't

f finished off that theory yet of of neutrino mass.

So different sources will say slightly different things about this.

But it's generally agreed that neutrinos do have mass.

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