James Hadfield
speaker
60 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Mar 2020
last heard Mar 2020
James Hadfield’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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Health Report · Travel bans, coronavirus and intensive care, and tracking the virus · 16 Mar 2020
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Scientists from around the world, so currently we've got over five hundred genomes from over thirty-three countries.
So really amazing credit to all of the people that are sharing this data.
They are all generating the data themselves and they're sharing it through this platform called GISAid, which was set up for sort of rapid sharing of influenza or influenza like data.
And then we go from there and run the phylodynamic analyses and what does that
So we take those, you know, 500 odd genomes that we've got at the moment and we run mathematical modeling and infer the family tree, if you will, of how are those 500 genomes related to each other.
Because as time goes on, mutations arise in the genome just naturally through replication.
And we use those mutations as signatures to inform which came before another one and which are more related.
related to another.
So from that we can learn about the spread across the world and through space and through time.
Yeah, so all of the genomes that are being shared are are timestamped if you will.
We know when the sample was collected from that patient.
And so we know what the date of the samples, but what we can actually do is go back in time and see when their ancestors lived.
So we can do things like date when was the most probable time that the zoonosis happened.
So that's for example the first jump from an animal reservoir into the human population.
And date
other sort of important events such as transmissions into countries and so on and so forth.
What we can say is that the evidence very, very strongly points to a single jump from a non human reservoir into the human population.
We know that the closest relative, if you will, of this virus that we have from samples is bats, but we date the closest ancestor that we have, which was sampled from a bat, to be anywhere in the nineteen hundreds.
It could be a long time ago.
But what you're really seeing there is actually just a lack of sampling of the bat population.
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