Lee Cronin

But they were able to find out a lot, right, in looking at verbrates, inverbrates, Cameron explosion, all this stuff. And then came the genomic revolution, and suddenly everyone used gene sequencing. And Craig Venter is a good example. I think he's gone around the world in his yacht just picking up samples, looking for new species, where he's just found new species of life just from sequencing.

But they were able to find out a lot, right, in looking at verbrates, inverbrates, Cameron explosion, all this stuff. And then came the genomic revolution, and suddenly everyone used gene sequencing. And Craig Venter is a good example. I think he's gone around the world in his yacht just picking up samples, looking for new species, where he's just found new species of life just from sequencing.

But they were able to find out a lot, right, in looking at verbrates, inverbrates, Cameron explosion, all this stuff. And then came the genomic revolution, and suddenly everyone used gene sequencing. And Craig Venter is a good example. I think he's gone around the world in his yacht just picking up samples, looking for new species, where he's just found new species of life just from sequencing.

It's amazing. So you have taxonomy, you have sequencing, and then you can also do a little bit of molecular archaeology, like measure the samples and form some inference. What we did is we were able to fingerprint we took a load of random samples from all of biology and we use mass spectrometry.

It's amazing. So you have taxonomy, you have sequencing, and then you can also do a little bit of molecular archaeology, like measure the samples and form some inference. What we did is we were able to fingerprint we took a load of random samples from all of biology and we use mass spectrometry.

It's amazing. So you have taxonomy, you have sequencing, and then you can also do a little bit of molecular archaeology, like measure the samples and form some inference. What we did is we were able to fingerprint we took a load of random samples from all of biology and we use mass spectrometry.

And what we did now is not just look for individual molecules, but we looked for coexisting molecules where they had to look at their joint assembly space and where we were able to cut them apart and undergo recursion in the mass spec and infer some relationships. And we were able to recapitulate the tree of life using mass spectroscopy, no sequencing and no drawing.

And what we did now is not just look for individual molecules, but we looked for coexisting molecules where they had to look at their joint assembly space and where we were able to cut them apart and undergo recursion in the mass spec and infer some relationships. And we were able to recapitulate the tree of life using mass spectroscopy, no sequencing and no drawing.

And what we did now is not just look for individual molecules, but we looked for coexisting molecules where they had to look at their joint assembly space and where we were able to cut them apart and undergo recursion in the mass spec and infer some relationships. And we were able to recapitulate the tree of life using mass spectroscopy, no sequencing and no drawing.

So what you do is you take an unknown sample, you pung it into the mass spec. Because this comes from what you're asking, like, what do you see in E. coli? And so in E. coli, you don't just see, it's not that the most sophisticated cells on Earth make the most sophisticated molecules. It is the coexistence of lots of complex molecules above a threshold.

So what you do is you take an unknown sample, you pung it into the mass spec. Because this comes from what you're asking, like, what do you see in E. coli? And so in E. coli, you don't just see, it's not that the most sophisticated cells on Earth make the most sophisticated molecules. It is the coexistence of lots of complex molecules above a threshold.

So what you do is you take an unknown sample, you pung it into the mass spec. Because this comes from what you're asking, like, what do you see in E. coli? And so in E. coli, you don't just see, it's not that the most sophisticated cells on Earth make the most sophisticated molecules. It is the coexistence of lots of complex molecules above a threshold.

And so what we realize is you could fingerprint different life forms. So fungi make really complicated molecules. Why? Because they can't move. They have to make everything on site. Whereas some animals are lazy. They can just go eat the fungi. They don't need to make very much.

And so what we realize is you could fingerprint different life forms. So fungi make really complicated molecules. Why? Because they can't move. They have to make everything on site. Whereas some animals are lazy. They can just go eat the fungi. They don't need to make very much.

And so what we realize is you could fingerprint different life forms. So fungi make really complicated molecules. Why? Because they can't move. They have to make everything on site. Whereas some animals are lazy. They can just go eat the fungi. They don't need to make very much.

And so what you do is you look at the... So you take, I don't know, the fingerprint, maybe the top number of high molecular weight molecules you find in the sample. You fragment them to get their assembly indices. And then what you can do is you can infer common origins of molecules. You can do a kind of molecular...

And so what you do is you look at the... So you take, I don't know, the fingerprint, maybe the top number of high molecular weight molecules you find in the sample. You fragment them to get their assembly indices. And then what you can do is you can infer common origins of molecules. You can do a kind of molecular...

And so what you do is you look at the... So you take, I don't know, the fingerprint, maybe the top number of high molecular weight molecules you find in the sample. You fragment them to get their assembly indices. And then what you can do is you can infer common origins of molecules. You can do a kind of molecular...

when the reverse engineering of the assembly space, you can infer common roots and look at what's called the joint assembly space. But let's translate that into the experiment. Take a sample, bung it in the mass spec, take the top, say, 10 molecules, fragment them, And that gives you one fingerprint. Then you do it for another sample, you get another fingerprint.

when the reverse engineering of the assembly space, you can infer common roots and look at what's called the joint assembly space. But let's translate that into the experiment. Take a sample, bung it in the mass spec, take the top, say, 10 molecules, fragment them, And that gives you one fingerprint. Then you do it for another sample, you get another fingerprint.