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Mark Dubowitz

👤 Person
1674 appearances

Podcast Appearances

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Al Qaeda hates America, Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Why?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know what?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Bin Laden attacked America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So look, I think it's a great question.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Will there be more nuclear weapons powers in the future or less as a result of this decision by President Trump?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I actually think there'll be less.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I'll tell you as succinctly as I can.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that is that it's been very clear from the Saudis

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

from the Turks, certainly from even the Algerians and others, that if Iran gets a nuclear weapon, they too want a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In fact, the Saudis have gone even further and said, if Iran is allowed to retain the key enrichment capability that they have under JCPOA, that we want that too.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If there's an Iran standard, we want the Iran standard.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't want the gold standard.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In fact, that's been the subject of

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

intensive negotiations between the United States and Saudi Arabia for the past couple of years, both under Biden and Trump as part of the U.S.-Saudi agreement, defense agreement and economic agreement that has been underway.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It is very clear that there's going to be a proliferation cascade in the Middle East if the Iranians get a nuclear weapon, and certainly if they're allowed to retain this enrichment capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I also worry about, we haven't even talked about it at all, this conversation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, the most important

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

area in the world, the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's not the Middle East.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's China and the Indo-Pacific.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I worry that the South Koreans, the Taiwanese, and the Japanese will say, you know, we don't trust any U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

commitments to stop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You failed on Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't trust you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't trust your nuclear umbrella.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We too want nuclear weapons in order to guard our security against China.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so what you would see

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I hope it doesn't happen, but I worry about is this kind of proliferation cascade in the Middle East and in the Indo-Pacific, two of the most important areas for American national security, which is why I think it's very important that Iran's be stopped.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, whether this attack succeeds in stopping Iran's nuclear weapon or accelerates it, we disagree, but I think neither us know yet.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hard to predict.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But what I think is absolutely certain is that if Iran...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

develops that nuclear weapon and is allowed to retain the key capabilities to do so, you're going to see five, six countries in the Middle East, at least three, four countries in the Indo-Pacific asking for the same capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then you're going to have a club of nuclear weapons powers that will have an additional five, six, seven over the next 10 to 20 years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Oh, I think it sends the opposite message, Lex.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think if they see what has happened and that it's successful and it stopped Iran from developing nuclear weapons and in addition...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Trump was able to negotiate an agreement for zero enrichment and full dismantlement, then the message to all these other countries is, number one, you don't need it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And number two, if you try to get it, then the United States is going to use American power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, I'm not suggesting the United States is going to start bombing the Saudis or the Turks or the Emiratis, clearly not the Japanese.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, so there was a lot to unpack there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, many of them are our allies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think the

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

counterproliferation tools to prevent these countries from developing nuclear weapons, including sanctions and export controls and many of the things.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And plus, I think those countries... I understand that in the Middle East, despite Scott's focus on Israel, when you talk to Arab leaders, their biggest concern is the threat from Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let's sort of just back up a little bit and talk about, first of all, the regime itself.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's not the threat from Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're not concerned with the threat from Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's why you had the Abraham Accords.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know, this is why the UAE and Bahrain and Morocco entered into this peace agreement with Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Saudis will one day, and they'll bring many other Arab and Muslim countries in it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They don't say Israel is a threat.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They see Iran as a threat.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so if you counter that threat, you eliminate Iran's nuclear weapons proliferation and expansion.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Those countries now no longer have to build nuclear weapons capabilities to counter the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, we've also restored our credibility.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't bluff.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We said Iran doesn't develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They won't.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And now it's the Japanese who have, as Scott rightly pointed out, they do have reprocessing and plutonium capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Islamic Republic of Iran came into power in 1979.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Taiwanese who used to have a military nuclear weapons program and gave it up, and the South Koreans who agree to our gold standard,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

of zero enrichment, zero reprocessing, those three countries can now say, okay, we rely on the United States, on your word, on your power, and on your ability to actually turn words into action.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It has been declared a leading state sponsor of terrorism by multiple administrations, dating back to the Clinton administration.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't need nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I say, if successful, big F, big F, if successful, then it's going to be a significant...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

guard against the potential of greater nuclear proliferation, and we will have less nuclear weapons powers than we otherwise would have.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By Obama, by Biden, by Trump.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it is a regime that has killed and maimed thousands of Americans, not to mention, obviously, hundreds of thousands of Middle Easterners.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It is a regime that has lied about its nuclear program and never actually disclosed its nuclear sites.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All these sites were discovered.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

by Iranian opposition groups, by Western intelligence agencies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the International Atomic Energy Agency, which is the UN agency responsible for preventing proliferation, has come out again and again over many, many years in reports, very detailed reports, describing Iran's nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

After the show, when we're not recording.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can I respond to a couple of things here?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just really quickly, I'll try to do it quickly.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

First of all, you know, the notion that Iran is in full compliance with the NPT is just not the case.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The International Atomic Energy Agency has made it clear in report after report after report that Iran is in violation of its obligations under the

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

protocols of the IAEA under the request that the IAEA have made and under the NPT.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they are a serial violator of the NPT, unlike all these other countries we've been talking about that are our allies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Second is this quote, Iran is not attacking Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's quite an amazing quote, which kind of ignores, I think, 50, 60 years of Iranian attacks against Israel, including suicide bombings and terror.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

missiles and drones and October 7th.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it's indisputable that Iran has been attacking Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they've been doing it for many years through their terror proxies that they fund and finance and weaponize.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And since October 7th, they directly struck Israel with hundreds of ballistic missiles in April and October of last year.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So this notion that before 12 days ago,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iranians were just playing nice with the Israelis and the Israelis just came out of the blue.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, you said, quote unquote, Iran is not attacking Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, I mean, it's just not true.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That killed thousands of Israelis, maimed thousands of Israelis.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They found out about what everybody else did.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we can dispute whether they directed it on October 7th.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Everybody knows indisputably that Iran financed Hamas, provided Hamas with weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So did Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that the IRGC and the Quds Force were training Hamas.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah, backed by Iran, was training Hamas.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There were three meetings before October 7th, one in Beirut, one in Damascus, and one in Tehran, where the IRGC, Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad were together.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There was a meeting in Tehran that was attended by Khamenei, the Supreme Leader.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, at those three meetings right before October 7th,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know, maybe they're discussing the weather.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Maybe they were discussing Persian poetry.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't know.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But it is hard to believe they weren't discussing something.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the fact that they had armed Hamas, financed Hamas and weaponized Hamas suggests to me that there is pretty overwhelming evidence that Iran has been at war with Israel for decades.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There have been multiple attempts at diplomacy with Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm sure we're going to talk about it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott mentioned the JCPOA, so we should certainly talk about the JCPOA, which was the 2015 deal that Barack Obama reached with Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So your listeners, I know they're not going to do it because it's a lot of technical reading, but just go out and read IAEA reports dating back at least 20 years, and you'll see the IAEA meticulously, methodically, dispassionately outlining all of the violations of

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that Iran has embarked on of the NPT.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Virtually all those are resolved later.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And many open files are still there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, just again, I just want your viewers to walk away from this conversation thing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Okay, that's interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I didn't know that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I'm going to go fact-check Mark and fact-check Scott and just kind of see what this is all about, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because otherwise it's just...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He says, she says, or he says, he says.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The fact of the matter is that Iran has been in violations of its obligations under the NPT, under the additional protocol it never ratified, under its safeguards obligations under the NPT.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It suggests a pattern of nuclear mendacity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But multiple attempts to actually get the Iranians to negotiate away their nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If we're really lucky.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So here's some practical recommendations that I think the United States should follow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think the first is, you know, get the Iranians back to Oman, negotiate with them and do a deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, it's worth mentioning that if Iran wanted to have civilian nuclear energy, there are 23 countries in the world that have it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, the deal has to be no enrichment, full dismantlement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think for the reasons we talked about today, Scott and I passionately disagreed, but that's fine.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We agreed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is a reasonable debate.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Neither of us is crazy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Neither of us is rational.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It is what would it take to get a deal with Iran?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I say this is the deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This has to be our red line.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott disagrees.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's fine.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But we got to get a deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In that deal, we got to provide them financial incentives, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We're going to have to lift...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

a certain number of sanctions because they're going to have to get something in return, okay?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We can argue about exactly how much, but I think our opening negotiating position is no sanctions relief, and then we'll get negotiated down from that, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, Lex, I think a lot of this is about how do you position yourself for negotiation?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

How do you come in with leverage?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then how do you find areas of compromise where you satisfy your objectives?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

One is Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Two is...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

the credible threat of military force needs to remain, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Khamenei needs to understand that the United States of America and Israel will use military force to stop him from developing nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If he didn't believe that before 12 days ago, he now believes that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think that's the credibility of that military force

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

but they don't have enrichment and they don't have reprocessing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

has to be maintained in order to ensure that he does not break out or sneak out to a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that's absolutely critical.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Third is I think we have to reach agreements with all the other countries in the Middle East to say, hey, listen, we're demanding zero enrichment and full dismantlement from the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You don't get enrichment and you don't get a nuclear program that is capable of developing nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Our gold standard is the American standard.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Civilian nuclear energy, like 23 countries, no enrichment and reprocess.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We sign these deals called the gold standard with the South Koreans, with the Emiratis, with others.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We should be consistent.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We should be consistent not just with American allies, but also very clear with American enemies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that's the third important thing we do.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Fourth is I think it's really important

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that we find some kind of accommodation between the Israelis and the Palestinians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We can go down many rabbit holes on that, but I think that lays the predicate for a Saudi-Israeli normalization deal that then brings in multiple Arab countries and Muslim countries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And finally...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

is we talked about the Abraham Accords.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think we need to start thinking about what did the Cyrus Accords look like, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Cyrus was the great Persian king, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Who, by the way, brought the Jews back from the diaspora to Jerusalem.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we say, if you want civilian energy, you can have power plants, you can buy your fuel rods from abroad, but there's no reason to have enrichment or plutonium reprocessing because those are the key capabilities you need to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Cyrus Accords would be, let's find an agreement between the United States and Israel and Iran, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That would be a remarkable transformation in the region if we could actually do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So imagine a Middle East.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And again, I know this sounds fanciful, but I think this is what Trump has in mind when he starts to talk about the things you're seeing in these truth posts is actually a Middle East that can be fundamentally transformed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

where we actually do bring peace between Israel, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the rest of these countries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I, by the way, completely agree with you on Syria.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The idea that we are trusting a former al-Qaeda, ISIS jihadist to rule Syria, I think is a big bet President Trump has made.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's made it on the advice of MBS.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll see how that transforms.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

or transpires and see if Syria is transformed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the notion that somehow we should just be rolling the dice, lifting all the sanctions and taking this former Al-Qaeda jihadist at his word is a big bet.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If we get the bet right, that is actually a remarkable occurrence because now all of a sudden Syria and Lebanon are brought into this Abraham Accords, Cyrus Accords,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then we actually have what I think all three of us want is peace in the Middle East, stability in the Middle East.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't think we need democracy in the Middle East.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think if the Middle East looked like the UAE, that'd be a pretty good Middle East.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think we'd all be pretty comfortable with that if...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that kind of stability and prosperity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And ultimately, you could put these countries on a pathway to greater democracy, the way that we did during the Cold War, where countries like Taiwan and South Korea that were military dictatorships ended up becoming pro-Western democracy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So that's kind of stepping back, maybe a little bit Pollyannish, but I think we should also always keep in mind what a potential vision for peace could look like.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, the five countries that have those capabilities and don't have nuclear weapons are Argentina, Brazil, Holland, Germany, and Japan.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think it's the view of many administrations over many years, including many European leaders, that the Islamic Republic of Iran is very different from those aforementioned countries because it is...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's been dedicated to terrorism.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's been killing Americans and other Westerners and other Middle Easterners.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it is a dangerous regime.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You don't want to have that dangerous regime retaining the key capabilities and needs to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I want to kind of get back more to the present.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mentioned this was around negotiations at Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott's saying that President Trump had said, here's the offer, take it or leave it, zero enrichment, full dismantlement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, in fact, that wasn't the offer that was presented to the Iranians at Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The offer was a one-page offer.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it said, you can temporarily enrich above ground.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You've got to render your below-ground assets.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

facilities, quote, non-operational.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then at some time in the future, three, four years, as Scott said, there'll be a consortium that'll be built, not on Iranian territory.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It'll be a partnership with the Saudis and the Emiratis.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah's nothing without Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll just have Scott and I fighting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That'll be the last remaining two.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's a fun kind of fight.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That'll be fun.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It'll be under IAEA supervision.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, look, I love the vision that Scott painted.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I agree with some of the libertarian instincts that he has.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that enrichment facility will create fuel rods for your nuclear reactors.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But my view is that America is the indispensable power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott mentioned earlier in the conversation about the rules-based order that is so important and the NPT and all these rules-based agreements that are important to maintain.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, the rules-based order has been maintained by the United States since World War II, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There is no American prosperity there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to the degree that we have.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's no recovery of Europe.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's no recovery of Asia after the devastation of World War II without American power and the rules-based order that America has led and backstopped.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think America first...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

is about american power and deterrence i think if you want to avoid war i think you cannot just believe in some fantasy where all the world's leaders are going to get together in some place and are just going to agree to disarm all their nuclear weapons and we'll disarm our entire military and we'll have one submarine off our coast and some all of that is going to lead to peace i mean i think what has led to peace in the past has been the

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So that was the offer presented to Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

American forward deterrence of our military and a belief that our enemies think we will credibly use it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that offer would come with significant sanctions relief,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think if they believe we'll credibly use it, then it's less likely they will challenge us.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And if they're less likely to challenge us and challenge our allies, there's less likely to be war.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So for me, deterrence leads to peace.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And any kind of unilateral disarmament

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

any kind of, I think, sort of fanciful notion that somehow our enemies are going to respect the non-aggression principle that is the core fundamental underpinnings of libertarianism, which I think in a personal relationship, I think is very important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

billions of dollars that would go to the regime.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But remember, these are aggressors.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They don't respect the non-aggression principle.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think we can spend a lot of time, we did over how many hours now has it been, talking about the fact that

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott's view of the world, it's America that provokes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's America that provokes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then it's not America provoking, it's Israel provoking.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And oh, by the way, America provokes because we're being seduced or paid or browbeaten by those Israelis and those Jews in America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Obviously, the economy there has been suffering.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think that whole notion that somehow we are the provocative force in global politics, I think is...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

is wrong.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think the fact of the matter is we make mistakes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The regime has not had the resources that it's had in the past to fund what I call its axis of misery, its proxy terror armies around the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We are an imperfect nation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We have made some serious, sometimes catastrophic mistakes, but there is a bad world out there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are evil men who want to do us harm and we have to prevent them from doing us harm.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And to do that, we need an American military that is serious and well-supported.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't need a military industrial complex that ultimately is going to

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We need thoughtful leaders like President Trump who will resist that and will say at the end of the day, I will use force when it is selective, narrow, overwhelming, and deadly.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that was Trump's operation just a few days ago.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He went after three key facilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that were being used to develop the capability for nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Nuclear weapons are the greatest danger to humanity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I totally agree with Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think a world without nuclear weapons, the kind of world that Reagan envisioned and others have envisioned since, is really the only way we can eliminate the most devastating weapons that could end humankind.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But we have to make sure that those weapons don't end up in the hands of regimes that seek to do us harm and that have done us harm over many, many decades.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, yeah, I mean, deterrence, peace through strength, rules-based order.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The foundation for defense of democracies is not the foundation for promotion of democracy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We don't believe in this important concept that we have to promote democracy around the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'll speak for myself because we have many people at my think tank.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We're 105 people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We have different views.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't personally believe that it is the role of the United States to bring democracy to the Middle East or democracy around the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think to the extent we've tried, we've failed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not sure the Middle East is ready for democracy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, Iran is interesting because it's not an Arab country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It is a different country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it was a good offer.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

country altogether culturally.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a very sophisticated country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It has a long history.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It actually has a history where it has had democracy in the past.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I was shocked that Khamenei rejected it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It is a country that I think could have incredible potential under the right leadership and under the right circumstances.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't know if the right circumstances are a constitutional monarchy with Reza Pahlavi as the crown prince or the Shah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't know whether it's a secular democracy or not.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let Iranians make that decision.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Have I been pronouncing it wrong this whole time?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Reza Pahlavi.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know the guy?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I met him.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I thought it was Pahlavi.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Oh, wow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, it's okay.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's okay.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's the only thing you've ever gotten wrong.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not bad.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He did reject it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think he rejected it because I think he believed that he could continue to do to President Trump what he had done to President Obama, which is just continue to squeeze and squeeze and squeeze the Americans at the table in order to ensure that he could keep all these nuclear facilities, all these nuclear capabilities, so that at a time of his choosing, when President Trump is gone, he can develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, it is a bit interesting to say that Iran has no intention to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, maybe I could respond to that because, I mean, again, it's always America's fault, according to Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just take a jab at it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, no.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm going to segue into an answer because I think it deserves an answer.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

A military-industrial complex is a serious concern.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because I think you're right there, you know, the bigger it gets and the more weapons you have, you think the more the greater the temptation to use it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that's sort of the argument.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then there's also self-enrichment and how much money can be made.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And all of that, I think, is of serious concern to people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's examine the nuclear program and ask, does this sound like a regime that's not interested in building nuclear weapons?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Look, I think Trump is somebody who it's hard pressed to say that Donald Trump is a great advocate of the military industrial complex or that he is.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He is in their pocket the same way that he's in the pocket of the Israelis and in the pocket of the Saudis and in the pocket of everybody.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think the one thing with Trump is that Trump has he has learned the lessons of American engagement over the past few decades.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think Scott's done a good job of kind of laying out the mistakes that have been made, even though, you know, we can discuss about causal connections and who's responsible.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And, you know, I lean on we I want to.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, Scott, can I finish this?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because your causal connection is always, it's America aggressing, Israel aggressing, and all these poor people responding to us.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But nonetheless, I think Trump has, he's learned the lessons, but he hasn't over-learned the lessons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's not paralyzed by Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

or Afghanistan or the mistakes made by his predecessors.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He understands that at the end of the day, we need serious American power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We need lethal power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We need forward deterrence.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he's been very careful and very selective about how he uses American power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, we've talked about it throughout this whole conversation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they built deeply buried underground enrichment facilities that they hid from the international community and they didn't disclose.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Trump used American power to kill Qasem Soleimani, one of the world's most dangerous terrorists.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He killed Baghdadi, the head of ISIS, one of the world's most dangerous terrorists.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He refrained from going after

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

the Iranian takedown of our drone.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He refrained from when the Iranians fired on Saudi Aramco and took off 20% of our oil, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's been very, very selective about the use of American power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He did go after the Houthis, who are Iran-backed, and were using Iranian missiles to go after our ships.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, nice try.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Anyway, everybody knows that the Iranians have been financing the Houthis.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah has been training the Houthis.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Iran has given capabilities to the Houthis to develop their own indigenous missile capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The fact of the matter is he did, in a way, go after the Houthis himself.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

much more intensively than Biden did in order to prevent them from continuing to shut down Red Sea shipping on which both America and our allies depend as a trade route.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He actually did it quite successfully because after a few days of pretty intensive bombing, the Houthis got the message.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they cut a deal with Donald Trump.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're not going to interfere with our shift anymore.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, it sounds like he, in terms of promoting American national security interests, sounds like he did a pretty good job of sending a message to the Houthis and the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They had an active nuclear warhead program called Ahmad, which ended in 2003 formally when the United States invaded Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Don't mess with the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that gets us to the contemporary reality.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He took a decision one day.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

on one day to send our B2s and our subs in order to do severe damage to three nuclear facilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It was a one-day campaign.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It was selective.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It was narrow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It was overwhelming.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think it sends a message to Khamenei.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it sends a message to regimes around the world, anti-American regimes around the world, that Donald Trump has not over-learned the lessons of the past 20 years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But that, in fact, he is not going to dismantle the U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

military and dismantle our nuclear program and fly around to all these cities and call peace conferences and hope that these dictators will just sit down with America and say, you know what?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All is forgiven, the United States of America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's all your fault.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You did this all.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We admit our responsibility.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then we have nothing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

we have peace and paradise on earth.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Trump is much more pragmatic and in some respects cynical when he looks at the world and he realizes the world is a dangerous place.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I have to be very careful about how I use American military forces.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I am not gonna send hundreds of thousands of people around the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, I mean, we all talk about Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, the Israelis are one of the best allies we could possibly have.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They fight and they die in their own defense.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They fought multiple wars against American enemies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They haven't asked for American troops on the ground.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are no boots on the ground in Israel defending Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we know that because not only has that been detailed by the IAEA, but actually Mossad in a daring operation in Tehran took out a nuclear archive and brought it back to the West.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The best we've given them is we've given them a fad system to help them shoot down ballistic missiles that have aimed at them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And our American pilots have been in the air recently with our Israeli friends shooting down ballistic missiles.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the Israelis have had a warrior ethos.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We will fight and we will die in our own defense.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would just say, if you're going to actually build out a model

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

where you're going to minimize the risk to American troops.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's find more allies like that, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I worry about, I'm like Scott, I really worry about China, Taiwan.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I really, really worry about that because the Taiwanese are not capable of defending themselves without U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

assistance.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we may have to send American men and women to go defend Taiwan.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we can have a whole debate about the wisdom of that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But again, it would be very, very helpful to have more Israels in the world, more countries that are capable of fighting against common enemies and against common threats without having to always put American boots on the ground in order to do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Look, I'm not a Russia expert.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not a Ukraine expert.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm sitting in front of two people who know a lot more about that conflict than I do.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You are, we should say, banned by Putin.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I am.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I have been sanctioned by Russia and by Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Sanctioned, yes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yes, banned, sanctioned, threatened.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Thank you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Thank you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, it causes some difficulties.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But anyway, I think the answer to that is that...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

For Putin, he needs to understand that, like Khamenei, he has two options here.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Option one, which President Trump has signaled over and over and over again, is come sit down and negotiate a ceasefire with the Ukrainians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then the IAEA, the United States and the intelligence communities went after this detailed

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't want to get into the details and the back and forth about who's responsible for the fact there's no ceasefire, Putin or Zelensky.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, that's a whole other debate.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I'm sure you guys have a lot of opinions on that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But path one is sit down and let's negotiate a ceasefire.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Path two is the United States will use American power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

in order to build our leverage so that Vladimir Putin understands that he has to do a ceasefire.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, I'm not suggesting US troops, absolutely not.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What I am suggesting is there's a package right now of sanctions that have 88 co-sponsors in the Senate across party lines.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think Trump is using that and will use that as a sort of sword of Damocles hanging over Putin and the Russian economy to say, look, Vladimir, we either do a ceasefire or I'm going to have no choice but to have to start imposing much more punishing sanctions on you and on the Russian economy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

went into it and discovered that this Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, had an active program to build five atomic warheads and was a very detailed program with blueprints and designs, all of which was designed under Ahmad to build a nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think there's an economic option.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think there's a military option.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think the biggest mistake Biden made

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

in this whole war, and there's many mistakes in terms of signaling, not having U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

credibility, Afghan debacle, which signaled to Putin that he could invade without any kind of American response, is he kind of went in and he tied Ukraine's hands behind their back.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, he actually tied one hand behind their back while they were fighting with the other hand, and he refused to give him the kinds of systems that early on in the war would have allowed the Ukrainian military

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

To be able to hit Russian forces that were mobilizing on the Russian Ukrainian border.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think if he had done that, I think this war would have ended sooner.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There'd be far less casualties.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think Putin would then understand, maybe I need to stop.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Strike a deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not a Russia expert or Ukraine expert.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't know what the deal looks like.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You keep the Donbass, you keep Crimea, you keep, you know, larger chunks of eastern Ukraine.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's for smarter people than me on this issue to decide what the deal looks like.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But there's no doubt today Putin thinks that he can just keep fighting, keep killing Ukrainians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

keep driving forward.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Eventually, he's going to wear down the Ukrainians through a sheer war of attrition.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He'll throw hundreds of thousands of Russians at this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He doesn't care how many Russians are going to die.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's the way the Russians and the Soviets have fought wars for many, many years, just endless number of Russian bodies being thrown into the meat grinder.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he thinks he can continue without any consequences.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I worry that as a result of the fact that we are not

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

showing Putin that we've got leverage, it's made war more likely, it's made a war more brutal, and it's going to make a war more protracted.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Trump is early.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, it's interesting you said that because he's early indicators.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, who knows where the ceasefire goes?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think it was important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He slapped Khamenei, but he also said to Bibi, enough, enough.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it's like, OK, now we're going back to Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's going to be a temporary ceasefire.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now let's negotiate.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think that's important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think it shows that Donald Trump is leading, not following.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It shows that Donald Trump is his own man, not on the payroll of the Russians or the Iranians or the Israelis or all these other crazy accusations that have been made about this guy for many, many years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he's going to give, as they say, peace a chance.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he's going to give a ceasefire a chance.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's going to give negotiations a chance.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I don't think he's sending the message...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to the Iranians and he needs to send it to Putin is, if you don't take me up on my offer, I've already demonstrated that I am serious and I will use American power carefully and selectively in the way that I've done in the past.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So again, it's interesting to say that he doesn't have the intention to build nuclear weapons when he actually had an active nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we can talk about what happened to that program after 2003, and there's a lot of interesting details.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think it's interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Philosophically.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know, libertarianism or colonization.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or isolationism in practice.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think the 30s are more interesting to me than what happened between 39 and 45.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think the debate in America was very interesting in the 30s, where there was really a strong isolationist movement, you know, with Charles Lindbergh and Henry Ford and Father Coughlin and many.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Joe Kennedy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So when you combine the fact that he has an active nuclear weapons program

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, Joe Kennedy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, they defined themselves as sort of America firsters.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But it was very much an isolationist strain.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think we can talk about that history.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Coughlin was a new dealer, not a right winger.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Anyway, very much an isolationist talking about America having to stay out these entangling alliances.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is not our war.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Emotionally understandable, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because you can also overlearn the lessons of World War I, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think they overlearned the lessons of World War I, I mean, which was a brutal war and a devastating war, mostly for Europe, but obviously for the United States, we lost thousands of American men and women.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the 30s was this big debate between...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The those who saw the gathering storm of what was happening with Nazi Germany and those who wanted to keep America out.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think in some respects, it's like today with the contemporary reality with Khamenei is that because these isolationist voices were so prominent and so vocal and in some cases quite persuasive.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has sites that are buried deep underground.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to American leaders, Hitler calculated that the United States would not enter the war.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so he could do what Scott says.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He could focus on the Eastern Front.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He could gather his forces, and then he could do a kill shot on the Western democracies in Western Europe, and the United States would not intervene.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, you're right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The big mistake he makes is declaring war on the United States after Pearl Harbor.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has weapons scientists who come out of the Ahmad program and continue to work on the initial metallurgy work and computer modeling designed to actually begin that process of building a warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he believes all through the 30s and before Pearl Harbor that the isolationist voices are keeping FDR from entering the war, even while Churchill and the Brits and the French and others are imploring the Americans not only to just just to provide provide them with material support, with weapons so that they could hold hold on to the island and defend themselves.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think Hitler miscalculates.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In the same way, I think Khamenei miscalculates.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Khamenei heard the debate over the past number of years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He believed that this sort of isolationist wing of the Republican Party, represented, I think, by Tucker Carlson and others who have been very anti-intervention with respect to Iran, I think he believed that that was the dominant voice within Trump's MAGA coalition, and that as a result, the United States would not use

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

military force.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So in the same way that Hitler miscalculated the influence of the isolationists on FDR, Khamenei misjudged the influence of the isolationists on Trump, and both ended up miscalculating to their great regret.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So to me, that's the sort of parallel between kind of World War II in the 30s and the prelude to World War II and what we're seeing in the current reality over the past few weeks.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And all of this has been hidden from the international community.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has spent estimates of a half a trillion dollars on his nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

in direct costs and in sanctions costs.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they were giving refuge to al-Qaeda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the CIA said, this is a key facilitation pipeline between Iran and al-Qaeda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Key facilitation pipeline.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And one has to ask, and I think it's an interesting question, to compare the UAE and Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, there's a 9-11 report by the 9-11 Commission.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's a 9-11 commission report.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

People can Google it, which talks about the cooperation between Iran and al-Qaeda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Only in Bosnia when they were doing a favor for Bill Clinton.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Beyond that, and CIA released thousands of pages of classified material that they declassified showing the relationship between Iran and al-Qaeda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Treasury Department under Obama and under Trump.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

actually designated a number of Iranian individuals for facilitating al-Qaeda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The UAE signed the gold standard.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So anyway, I mean, these are important facts.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The greatest era that we've made in the Middle East is this notion, not the greatest, but one of the greatest, is this sort of conceptual era that somehow Sunnis and Shiites don't work together and Iran doesn't work without Haida.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They said we'll have no enrichment capability or reprocessing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not saying you say that, but many people think that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And of course they do work.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They hate each other.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But of course they work together because they hate us more.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But can I just say something, Lex?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because I actually think just stepping back from like all of this detail.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The more we start to zoom out now, the better.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, I'd like to zoom out a little bit.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Look, I think the lessons for me over 22 years on working on these issues is one must learn about the mistakes that we've made in Iraq and in Afghanistan and Libya.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They spent about $20 billion on that, and it supplies 25% of their electrical generation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

One must learn about the mistakes that we made in Vietnam, mistakes that we made in World War II.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So we can make them all over again and not run this time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can I finish or are you good?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, I'm ready.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think that what President Trump is trying to do is learn, but not overlearn.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think he understands the mistakes that have been made.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think he's trying to rectify those mistakes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he also understands that American power is important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It is a force for good in the world, even though we have made major mistakes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think there is a great danger amongst certain people

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to believe that no power should ever be exercised, that all American power is a bad thing and a destructive thing, and sometimes to confuse major tactical decisions that have been made, whether it's been made by the Brits in World War II or the Americans or us or whoever it is in whatever war, with the fact that there is a strategic reality that we always have to be conscious about and that we have enemies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is not the Garden of Eden yet.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I hope the libertarians create one.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I want to go live there when they do, and Scott and I will be neighbors, believe it or not, living in that Garden of Eden together.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But there are major threats in this world, and we need to find the right balance.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Khamenei spent...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

balance between the overuse of military power and the underuse of military power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If we want to avoid wars, we have to have serious deterrence because our enemies need to understand we will use selective and narrowly focused, overwhelming military power when we're facing threats like an Iranian nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

a half a trillion dollars, and that program supplies maybe 3% of their electrical needs.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That is a serious threat.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a serious threat to us.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a serious threat to the region.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a serious threat with respect to proliferation around the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think with that respect, I think President Trump's decision

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to drop bombs on three key nuclear facilities was a selective targeted military action that I hope will drive the Iranians back to the negotiating table where they can negotiate finally the dismantlement of their nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think there's a danger.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, we've had a four hour debate on this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm sure if you want to rewind, you can listen to all our arguments once again.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the fact of the matter is, is that our unwillingness to use power, if we're never going to use power, all that's going to do is send a signal to our enemies that they can do whatever they want.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They can violate whatever agreements they want.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They can use aggression against anyone they want.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think that makes sense.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

puts American lives in danger.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we've seen the results of that, where we delayed and delayed and delayed, and we didn't move, and we didn't move too early, and we didn't preempt, and the threat grew, and we ignored the gathering storm.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so I think the lessons of 100 years of American military involvement is, if you have an opportunity early on, as the storm is gathering, to use

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All instruments of American power, with the military one being the last one you use, then deter when you can and strike when you must in order to prevent the kinds of escalation and wars that everybody at this table and I'm sure everybody listening in your audience is seeking to avoid.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In fact, they have a reactor that they bought from the Russians called Boucher, and that reactor, it's exactly what you'd want in a proliferation-proof reactor.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Maybe the Korean dictator, North Korean dictator ruined it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But again, one doesn't want to blame our enemies for their mistakes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They buy fuel rods from the Russians, they use it, and they send the spent fuel back to Russia so it cannot be reprocessed into plutonium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Do you ever blame the enemy?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

North Korea is not your enemy?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Really?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They build nuclear weapons, ICBMs that target America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I already said that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Whatever fault it is, the fact of the matter is...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Do you ever, ever blame an American adversary?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or is it always our fault?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In fact, what happened is always our fault.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Always John Bolton's fault.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yes, that's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Sounds like a beginning of a negotiation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And maybe they went nowhere because the North Korean dictator, at the end of the day, is a dictator who wants to threaten the United States with ICBMs and nuclear.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just think it's important for your listeners to understand just some of the technical nuclear history here in order to unpack this question of, did Khamenei want nuclear weapons?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Listen, you're criticizing the sequential decisions made in negotiation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I am.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm just asking you a serious question after hours of talking to you, which I must say I've really enjoyed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've learned a lot.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I enjoyed it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think there's been areas of agreement, obviously real disagreement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But here's the question to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Like, really?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, do you ever, ever hold our adversaries responsible or do you just don't think we have any adversaries?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Are they a threat to America?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I understand it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Your position.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What was his goal here?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then we can talk about, was this the right operation in order for the United States to

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, you made it very clear America has no adversaries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

order the B-2 bombers to strike these facilities in what, again, was a limited operation, as President Trump has said, and in order to drive the Iranians back to the negotiating table and finally do the deal that President Trump has asked them to do since he came into office in January.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What gives me hope?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think, first of all, I have a lot of hope and confidence in the wisdom of the American people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Americans understand

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

the end of the day, that they need leaders who are about making America great again.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think they elected Donald Trump, who is flawed in many, many ways.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think Trump is wrestling with some of the questions that we have been wrestling with for the past five hours.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think most Americans know that we have adversaries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And, you know, it's just overwhelming numbers of Americans understand that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They may disagree on exactly who is an adversary and how you rank them, but they know we have adversaries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think the third thing is Americans greatly admire the men and women in uniform.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think the institution with the greatest popularity in America still remains the U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

military, while many of other institutions are failing the American people and are reflected in the polling.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think we've got to be very judicious about how we use this incredibly powerful military.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because most importantly, it comes down to, it's not about weapons and technology, it's about the people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's about the men and women who have sacrificed their lives to serve our country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

At the end of the day, if we understand we have adversaries, we're careful about how we use our military, we understand the importance of forward deterrence in order to actually confront threats before they become so severe that we ended up plunging ourselves into war.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I agree totally with Scott in terms of how we use our money and how judiciously we have to guard it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I agree with how we've run up these massive debts and we have to be actually, if we're serious and conservatives are really serious, they need to tackle these massive budgets, deficits.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it would be really easy if it was just all about the military and we could just kind of get rid of the Pentagon and all of a sudden we'd be running balanced budgets.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not the case.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We have much deeper structural issues.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

economic problems in this country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And everybody knows that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so we got huge challenges as a country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I really believe, as I believe since I was a little kid, that America is the greatest force for good in the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that we make mistakes, sometimes tragic mistakes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We make huge miscalculations.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think we will be much more clear in how to rectify those mistakes if we stop obsessing

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

with these boogeymen that are out there, the Israelis, the Jews, the influencers.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, and we start focusing on our adversaries, which are not the Iranians, because 80% of Iranians despise this regime.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And, you know, Lex, I feel really bad that we, in five hours, we actually haven't even talked about that in any detail.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And, you know, the only place they don't succeed in the world...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

is inside the Islamic Republic.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

When they come to America and Canada and Europe, they're incredibly successful people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And 80% of Iranians despise this regime and they long for a free and prosperous Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so it's a big question that they're ever going to get there and who knows the right way to get them there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But at the end of the day, I am convinced that the vast majority of Iranians are our friends.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But there is a regime that has been trying to build nuclear weapons, has been engaged in terrorism for decades, has killed and maimed thousands of Americans and our allies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it's a regime that has to be stopped.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think Donald Trump, in the past couple of weeks...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would argue in the past number of months, has tried to play a strategy, try to figure out a way to offer the Iranians negotiations and a peaceful solution to this, but use overwhelming military power recently against Iran's nuclear sites in a very targeted way in order to send a message to the Islamic Republic of Iran that they cannot continue to build nuclear weapons and threaten America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, really, everything?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There was not one thing I said that was true?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so I hope that things will work out

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

well on this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've always said curb your enthusiasm because we have still a lot of pieces that still need to fall into place.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And this is going to be a windy road as we try to figure this out.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just one thing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm hoping for the best, preparing for the worst, and want to thank you very much for

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

having me on the show.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, it was a real pleasure to meet you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I enjoyed the debate, very lively.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I admire your dedication to the issue and your intention to detail.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think all of that speaks well of you and your commitment and your passion for this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So thank you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Thanks, Lex.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

22 years of working on Iran, and I got that right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Appreciate it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Thanks, Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They have no plutonium route to the bomb under the JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iraq is where they pour concrete into the reactor and shut it down.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the reason they pour concrete... Under the JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Not they, but the Obama administration is right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Under the JCPOA, poured concrete into the calendria in order to prevent them from using that reactor to reprocess plutonium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So there's a distinction between Iraq and Boucher.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott's exactly right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Boucher is a reactor, a heavy water reactor provided by the Russians, as I described, for the generation of...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

electricity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's proliferation proof.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iraq is the opposite.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a heavy water reactor that was built for a plutonium pathway to nuclear weapons, which is exactly why under the JCPOA, they literally had to pour concrete into the middle of it to prevent it from reprocessing plutonium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the Obama administration was very clear under the JCPOA, we are going to pour concrete into the Iraq facility, as Scott acknowledged, because we are concerned that Iraq can be used for reprocessing plutonium, for a plutonium pathway to a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can be used, but we don't know if it was used.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm happy that there's no indication for your viewers who are interested in not to plug my own podcast.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I apologize.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But it is a very good podcast.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just recently had David Albright on my podcast, who is actually a physicist and a weapons inspector and goes into a lot of detail about the Iranian nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Please listen to the podcast.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran breakdown, by the way, is the.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And David's the president of the Institute for Science and International Security.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And by the way, he spent decades on this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And to his credit, he was one of the deep skeptics of the Bush administration's rush to war with Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not true.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He vouched for claims that there were chemical weapons in Iraq and later said he was sorry for it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, I mentioned the Bush administration's rush to war based on their claims that Saddam was building nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He did debunk the aluminum tubes, though.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He debunked it and was a deep skeptic, again, of the rush to war in Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know, the argument today, Lex, which I think is the more interesting argument, because there are very few people

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

left today who don't believe that the Iranians were building the nuclear weapons capability that gave them the option to build nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I already said that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We can debate whether they had decided to, and I'm interested to hear Scott's opinion on this, but the recent intelligence that has come out that the Iranian nuclear weapons scientists have begun preliminary work

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

on building a warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Came out from where?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Wall Street Journal did verify this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's a lot of false claims to refute.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

One at a time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Lawrence Norman actually wrote a piece.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This was during the Biden administration.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because the Biden DNI had actually come out for the first time in their annual threat assessment.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

had removed a line that said, Iran is not currently working on developing any capabilities that would put it in the position to actually deliver a nuclear warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And what became the Lawrence Norman piece in the Wall Street Journal was that there actually was initial work done on metallurgy and on computer modeling.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so those actually were defined terms in section T of the 2015 JCPOA, which defined weaponization in that section.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And metallurgy and computer modeling were some of the initial steps.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the DNI was very concerned under Biden that these initial steps meant that either Khamenei had given the green lights

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or nuclear weapons scientists, in order to get ahead of the boss so they could be in a position if he decided to move forward on this, were in a position and their timelines were therefore expedited.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So it's interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, again, you've got the DNI under Biden.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You've got the CIA director, John Ratcliffe.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You've got Israeli intelligence.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You've got the Wall Street Journal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And you've got the IAEA asking questions of Iran on its past weaponization activities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Why are you denying us?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'd like to just sort of quote CIA Director John Ratcliffe, because Scott brought up the CIA and the Intelligence Committee.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Ratcliffe had a good way of looking at this, and that he said is, you know, when you're in the 99-yard line as a football team,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

you have the intention to score a goal, quote unquote.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And what he was actually pointing to is, let's not talk about this debate about whether Khamenei had given the order or not given the order, because Khamenei knows that if he gives an order, the US and Israeli intelligence community will pick up on that order, and that will be the trigger for strikes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What Ratcliffe is saying is that Khamenei had built the nuclear weapons capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's at the 99-yard line.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And both the CIA and European leaders, the European intelligence community has said for years that if Iran has that capability and they're on the 99-yard line, at that point, it's going to be too late to stop them once that decision is made to assemble the final warhead, which, by the way, is the final piece of what you need for a deliverable nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, there's a lot there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So just a couple of things I think that are worth your viewers knowing because Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, the nuclear physics is complicated and it's also important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the Iranians have assembled about, we say about 15 to 17 bombs worth of 60% enriched uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think it's always important for your listeners to understand what does this all mean?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Enriched to 3.67%, to 20%, to 60%, and then to 90% weapons grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Like what does this actual process mean?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

First of all, obviously, enriched uranium is a key capability to develop a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It can also be used for other purposes, civilian purposes and research purposes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You can use it to power nuclear submarines.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let's just, if you don't mind, if I could just break it down.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's fascinating.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's, again, important just to understand the sort of basics before we jump into the allegations and claims and counterclaims.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So if you're going to enrich to 3.67%, enrich uranium, that's for civilian nuclear power.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But when you do that, you've basically 70% of what you need to get to weapons grade.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So you've done all the steps, 70% of the steps in order to get to weapons grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If you enrich to 20%,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

you are now at 90% of what you need to get to weapons-grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, why would you need 20%?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You may need it for something like a research reactor, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran has, correct.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran has a Tehran research reactor for medical isotopes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now you can, by the way, you can buy those isotopes from abroad or you can produce them at home.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If you're going to enrich to 60%,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

then you've done 99% of what you need to get to weapons-grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then 90% is, quote, weapons-grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, you can use 60% to actually deliver a crude nuclear device.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That has been done in the past.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But you want to get to, quote, 90%.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's weapons-grade uranium as Scott's defining it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But just again, to clarify,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

These huge stockpiles of 60% that Iran has accumulated, this 16, 17 bombs worth of 60%, is 99% of what they need for weapons grade.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I just wanted to explain that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, just to clarify, I just think it's important to understand the definition of terms.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Once you have 60% enriched uranium, you've done 99% of all the steps, including some of the steps that Scott's talking about.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You've done 99% of what you need to have weapons-grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

a deliverable nuclear weapon, so you need the weapons grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And just to repeat, they have multiple bombs worth of the 60% enriched uranium, which again is 99% of the steps you need to take for weapons grade.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they're very close to weapons grade.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's 1% more that they need to do to enrich to weapons grade.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The second aspect of a deliverable nuclear weapon is obviously the delivery vehicle, and those are the missiles.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

According to the DNI and other incredible sources, Iran has got the largest missile inventory in the Middle East, 3,000 missiles before the war began, and at least the ballistic missiles, 2,000 capable of reaching Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So there's no doubt that Iran has the ability, once they have the weapons-grade uranium and the warhead, to affix that to a missile and deliver that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Certainly to hit Israel, hit our Gulf neighbors, hit Southern Europe.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They also have an active intercontinental ballistic missile program, an ICBM program, which ultimately is designed not to hit the Israelis or the Gulfies, but to hit Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

deeper into Europe and ultimately to target the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let's just understand the missile program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's an important part of it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The third leg of the stool, and Scott has already alluded to this, and we've had some debate on this, and I think we should talk about it, what it really means in detail, is you've got to develop a warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

or a crude nuclear device.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And according to estimates from both U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

government sources and nuclear experts, it would take about four to six months for Iran to develop a crude nuclear device.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is something that you wouldn't use a missile to deliver, but you would use a plane or a ship.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it would take somewhere in the neighborhood of about a year and a half to

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to deliver or to develop a warhead, and that's to affix to the missile.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So it's sort of the three legs of the nuclear stool, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The weapons-grade uranium, the missiles to deliver it,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The blueprints were given, just to clarify, it's just interesting, just in terms of the history of proliferation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So Iran's initial nuclear program, which is built on centrifuges, as Scott and I have been talking about, that was actually given to, the designs of that were given to them by A.Q.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Khan, who was really the father of the Pakistani nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he actually stole those designs from the Dutch,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and handed it to the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He also handed it to the North Koreans and the Libyans and others.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they were able to illicitly acquire this technology and release the blueprints for this technology from the father of the Pakistani bomb.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think that's an interesting point.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they obviously bought heavy water reactors from the Russians, which they've been using for electricity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I want to just get to the second thing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's just important for listeners to know.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then I want to get to JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

First of all, I'm glad Scott knows about what's going on at Parchin because the IAEA doesn't.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they've been asking the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not true.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I want to just, again, just put it out there for your listeners.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They should just Google Ahmad, A-M-A-D program, and they should learn about the Ahmad program because it's detailed in US government documents, experts in Iran's nuclear program, including David Albright, who actually saw the archive, went in there, wrote a whole book on it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And there's a lot of detail about how Iran had an active nuclear weapons program called Ahmad to build five nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I want to

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Get to the JCPOA, because I actually think that's an interesting discussion for Scott and I to have, because I think there's things that we agree on there and things that we disagree on.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So this is a 2015 nuclear deal that Obama reaches.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's negotiated painstakingly over two years between 2013 and 2015.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it follows the interim agreement that the United States negotiated with Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it's in that interim agreement in 2013 where the United States for the first time actually gives Iran the right to enrich uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There were five UN Security Council resolutions passed with the support of Russia and China that said Iran should have no enrichment capability and no plutonium reprocessing capability because of the fears that Iran would turn that into a nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But in 2013, they give that up.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

2015, we reach the JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And under the JCPOA, Iran is allowed to retain enrichment capability and reprocessing capability, but over time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So Scott mentioned these sunsets.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just want your listeners to understand what these sunsets are.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Essentially, the restrictions that are placed on Iran's nuclear program, and there's some really serious restrictions placed on it, especially in the short term.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The enriched material has to be shipped out, not to the French, but to the Russians, and

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And there's restrictions on Iran's ability to operate these facilities in Atanz and Fordow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're not closed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They still remain open, but there are restrictions on what they can do with it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's also restrictions on Iran's ability to test and install advanced centrifuges.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, the reason you'd want an advanced centrifuge rather than the first generation centrifuge that AQ Khan, the father of Pakistan's nuclear bomb, gave to the Iranians is you need a smaller number of these centrifuges to produce weapons grade uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If it's smaller, Lex, it's easier to hide, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You can put it in...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

clandestine facilities without this large enrichment centrifuge footprint.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So there's restrictions on these advanced centrifuge R&D.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Iran gets significant sanctions relief as part of this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the whole assumption here

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

from both an Iranian and American perspective is these restrictions are going to sunset.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're going to disappear over time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In fact, 2025 is the year where some of the significant restrictions on Iran's capabilities begin to sunset.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And all of them are effectively gone by 2031.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So in 2031, Iran can emerge with an industrial size enrichment capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They can emerge with advanced centrifuges that they can install in as many enrichment facilities as they want to build.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and Iran can enrich to higher and higher levels.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they can go from 3.67 to 20%.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They can go to 60%.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's nothing in the JCPOA that actually prohibits them from going to 90% in Mediterranean.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think at the time, the Obama administration's theory of the case was, yeah,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Sure, in 15 years' time, but in 15 years' time, we'll be gone.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hopefully, there'll be a different government in Iran, and maybe we can renegotiate a different agreement with that government that will extend the sunsets.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So that's the JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The reason that critics of the JCPOA—and I was one of them—

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We objected to the deal is not because it didn't have some short term temporary restrictions that were useful, but that if you got it wrong and there was the same regime in power in 15 years, that regime could emerge with this huge nuclear program with the capabilities to develop nuclear weapons in these multiple hardened sites.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran, we estimated, would have a trillion dollars in sanctions relief over that 15-year period.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And if you got it wrong that it was the same regime in power as had been in power in 2015, then you had some difficulties.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just wanted to lay out the case against the JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, to steel man Scott's argument, I think there's a legitimate argument because I actually didn't support the withdrawal from the agreement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

President Trump withdrew in 2018.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I did a similar version of what Scott was suggesting, was I thought that the United States should negotiate with the Europeans, the French, the Germans, and the UK, who were part of the original deal, extend the sunsets as an agreement between the United States and Europe, and then collectively go to the Iranians and say, let's renegotiate this agreement to extend the sunsets.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If you don't want a nuclear weapons program, then you should agree that you don't need these capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and let's extend the sunsets for another 15, 20, 30 years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

President Trump- Somebody give me a screenshot of this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There we go.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Agreement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There we go.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's fun.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That makes my heart feel so good.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, so I'm not sure if he would have, but let's just a little bit of history.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's just useful for the viewers to know, again, the context, especially when Scott and I agree.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So a process was begun.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm loving this so much.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the Trump administration.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Trump appointed Brian Hook, or Secretary Pompeo actually appointed Brian Hook, who was the lead Iran envoy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he began a process of talking to the Europeans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the Europeans actually rejected this idea.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so at some point, Trump said, look, if the Europeans aren't prepared to get on side, then I'm out of the deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm out of the deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And if you're interested, I can talk about why I thought we should have stayed in the deal, because I thought it gave us some important restrictions in the short term, certain leverage.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But Trump decides to withdraw from that agreement because he recognizes that the fatal flaw of the agreement or the fatal flaws of the agreement are one, giving them any enrichment capability, especially at an industrial size within 15 years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And two, are these sunsets, as Scott said, under which these restrictions are going to go away, and Iran's going to end up with a massive nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think that's just important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We can talk about the JCPOA, the process and everything else if you're interested.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So next, actually, can I just say one thing interesting?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And again, I think it's going to be a later topic.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so it's going to be a provocative statement, but.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think let's put it on the table.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I absolutely agree with Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think it was a travesty of the accusations against Donald Trump as a Russian agent.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, completely debunked, but it did.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it paralyzed his presidency for two, two and a half years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I agree with Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The idea that you would accuse the president of the United States of being a foreign agent for Vladimir Putin, I think is...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Unfounded.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I thought at the time disgraceful and I thought it was really important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Scott did really good work in debunking that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would say that just a couple of days ago, I was watching a podcast.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott was on and he accused...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Trump being an agent for Netanyahu and the Israeli government.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think, again, the accusations that the president of the United States is a foreign agent for some foreign government, I think we should just put all of that aside in any discussion and just say President Trump makes his own decisions, whether we agree with them or agree with them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he's not working for...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The FSB, and he's not working for Mossad.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

President Trump makes his own decisions based on American national security.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, Lex, I think you're right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I think Elon Musk spent, what, $400 million to helping Trump get elected.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And obviously there are a number of philanthropists.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think clearly his son, Don Jr., has had a lot of influence in who gets elected in these positions in the Pentagon, NSC.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Tucker Colson has had a lot of influence.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think, as you say, he surrounds himself with people who have certain ideas, ideologies, policies.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The president makes his own decisions.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just want to touch on just one thing because I don't want to leave this alone.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just out of respect for the victims of Iran-backed terrorism and hostage-taking and assassinations since 1979.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is the regime that took our...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

took hostages in 79, took our diplomats hostage.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott says, you know, 83 was really the only thing that happened and throws out a lot of information, certainly some pretty breathtaking accusations that somehow the Israelis knew about this and didn't tell the Americans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's an assault officer's accusation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Victor Ostrovsky is his name.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, I know exactly who he is, and he's been widely discredited.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and having an ax to grind with, with Mossad.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But anyway, um, not only 83, but all through the nineties, the two thousands, 2010s, 2020s, um, there have been hundreds of attacks of, um,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

assassinations of hostage-taking.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are thousands of Americans who have been killed and maimed by the regime.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can you be specific what you're talking about?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, I mean, I can give you a whole list.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Sure.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Literally, I'm happy to pull it up.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Lex, I shared it with you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a long list of attacks all through the 80s and 90s.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, everything from...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The, you know, Khobar Towers.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let him lay it out.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All right, let's hear it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I got my pen in my hand.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Go ahead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And again, according to U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

intelligence findings, it was actually Hezbollah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that worked with Al-Qaeda, trained Al-Qaeda in that attack on the Khober Towers.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They were kidnapping our diplomats in Beirut.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They launched attacks against our soldiers while in Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The notion that somehow- How did you debunk that?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, I don't think, well, you say you debunked it, you just made your claim.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But those were Iran-backed militias.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

backed by Qasem Soleimani, who Scott referred to, who was the commander of the IRGC Quds Force, who supplied them with those IEDs, or those EFPs, actually, those explosives.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, again, this has been all confirmed by...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I'd like your viewers to Google not just a couple of sources, but actually Google the U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

government reports that did a whole after-action report on the Iraq War.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All the mistakes were made in the Iraq War, and there were a legion of mistakes made.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But it was very clear that Iran had actually provided the technology, the training, the funding necessary.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

for these Iran-backed militias to kill Americans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I could see Scott- In fact, they even learned a method from Lebanese Hezbollah that got it from the IRA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So Lebanese Hezbollah, as I'm sure all your listeners know, has been trained, financed- That's true.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But they got it from the IRA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And supported by Iran for many years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The copper core bombs and that design did not come from Persia.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So again, I think we all admit, Scott admits as well, that Hezbollah was trained, financed

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and supported by Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah has been responsible for many of these terrorist attacks.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah was actually created by the IRGC before the Israeli invasion.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What's amazing?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So what we know now from Scott, because he's given certainly a lot of context to how he actually sees things, is here's who lies to you and here's who doesn't.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

government lies to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Israeli government lies to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Israelis clearly lie to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Mandacious bunch.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Saudis lie to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But you know who doesn't lie to you, actually?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hezbollah doesn't lie to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Al-Qaeda doesn't lie to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I didn't cite Al-Qaeda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the Ayatollah of Iran doesn't lie to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, I mean, again, the sort of view of the regime in Iran, and I think Scott wisely said at the beginning of this discussion, like, what did you say?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't have any love for the Ayatollah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm a Texan.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't have any love for the Ayatollah in Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And yet, despite the fact Scott doesn't have love for the Ayatollah, and I agree with him, and I think he's being sincere, in every discussion that we've had on every topic, it's always about everyone's lying except the Ayatollah in Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's not lying about having a nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He didn't actually support all of these terrorist organizations that he founded, financed, and supported to kill Americans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It wasn't the Ayatollah in Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's not lying about his deception campaign against the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's not lying about

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

negotiations with the Americans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's the Americans' fault all the time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So he's presented all the time in Scott's conception here as a sincere actor who doesn't want to develop nuclear weapons, who doesn't actually want to kill Americans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's just always a victim of American and Israeli aggression.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's an interesting conception.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think let's talk about it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I mean, I'm fascinated by the conception because

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's very contrary to mine, obviously.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's very contrary to, I think, decades of overwhelming evidence that the Islamic Republic has been war with the United States since 1979.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I don't take too much stock in what people say.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I take stock in what they do.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So death to America, death to Israel could just be a slogan.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It could be just propaganda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But when it's actually operationalized,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

then you start to ask, well, maybe it's not just propaganda.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Maybe it's intention operationalized into capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know, what we're forgetting here, and again, it's this causal relationship.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's we aggress against Iran and the Israelis aggress against Iran, and Iran is always reacting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, let's give the Iranians their due because Khomeini made it very clear when he established the Islamic Republic that there will be a revolutionary and expansionist

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

regime, and they will expand their power through the Middle East.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so he built, and to his credit, was very successful until October 7th, this axis of resistance, as he calls it, which are these terror proxy armies, Hezbollah, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Iraqi Shiite militias, the Houthis in Yemen, and certainly supporting the Assad regime in Syria.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He built a very, very

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

impressive and deadly axis that he turned against the United States and against Israel, which saw its culmination on October 7th.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think after October 7th,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That was a huge miscalculation for Khamenei.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we've seen the results of what's happened to his axis of resistance through quite devastating Israeli military capabilities over the past number of months.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he has an ideology.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think where I agree with Scott is I'm not sure if Khamenei would actually use a nuclear weapon against Israel, the United States, because I don't think Khamenei is suicidal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think what Khamenei wants is he wants a nuclear weapon

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

as a backstop for his conventional power, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's very much the Kim Jong-un model of North Korea, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm going to have nuclear weapons with ICBMs to threaten America, but what I'm actually going to do is threaten South Korea with having massive conventional capabilities on the DMZ that I could take South Korea in a week.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I could destroy in a week.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So you, the United States and South Korea have no military option.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's Khamenei's view.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He can actually, building up this massive ballistic missile arsenal that he's unleashed in the past 12 days,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

that, according to, again, the US and Israel, was going to go from 2,000 to 6,000 to 20,000, that from Khamenei's perspective, he didn't need to drop a nuclear bomb on Tel Aviv.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What he needed to do was use the threat of nuclear escalation in order to use his conventional capabilities, his missiles, to destroy Tel Aviv.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And you've already seen the damage from just a few

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

dozen ballistic missiles getting through the kind of damage that he's wrought on Tel Aviv already.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That is the conception that Khamenei has.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a revolutionary regime.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It aggresses.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I do think it's interesting, and I think we should talk about it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can I ask you a question?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just not a comment by me, but a question, just your perspective.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So just so I understand this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the nuclear archive, this massive archive that the Israelis were able to take out of Tehran

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

bring to the United States, bring to the IAEA, which is very detailed blueprints.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's just the alleged studies documents again.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's the same stuff from the smoking laptop.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let me just ask you, because it's huge and it's very detailed and it shows clearly that Iran had an active nuclear weapons program, certainly until 2003.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then we can have a discussion about what happened after that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Are you suggesting that that's all been forged by Israel?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Not the laptop, but this entire archive that they pulled out with diskettes.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've seen it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've seen many of the documents.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's thousands of pages.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm asking.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is not what I'm claiming.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Is that all forged by Israel?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

David Albright actually wrote an entire book.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a very detailed book.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Your listeners should Google it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's David Albright and the archive where he goes in, he went in detail, and he confirms the information in that archive that Iran had an active program under something called Ahmad to develop five atomic weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So again, you and I can debate this all day.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Forget all

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Assuming that was true, we're talking about a piece of paper.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's not a piece of paper.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a massive archive.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm just asking the question.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You believe Mossad fabricated all of this as a lie to deceive the United States, the IAEA, and the international community.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's just my question.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But my question is, is not that it's debunked because we can argue about whether it's debunked or not.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But are you saying that Mossad fabricated it?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's what you're claiming.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not asking about the laptop.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, I'm not asking about the laptop.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm asking about this huge archive that was sitting in a warehouse in Tehran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Sure.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

First of all, thanks so much for having me on.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Great to be on with Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I know he and I don't agree on a lot, but I certainly admire the passion and the dedication to stopping wars.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, so...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Folks should read the book on the archive because David had full access to the archive, all the detailed documents and blueprints.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he writes a book that, again, the conclusion of which is Iran had an active nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, they had already built a covert enrichment facility, which was only then disclosed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They had gotten centrifuges for AQ Khan.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They'd built a deeply buried underground facility at Natanz.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They were putting in place the component parts for...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

a nuclear weapons capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Ahmad showed conclusively, unless you believe Mossad fabricated it all, that they actually had the plan to build nuclear warheads.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, Seymour Hersh says that it was when... Seymour Hersh is not a nuclear weapons expert.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So that's something we want to talk about.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

David Albright has.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You saw the archive.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Hersh's sources said that when America invaded Iraq,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let's talk about how we got to this war.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, that's a distraction, my question to you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a distraction.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

My question is, let's not go to Al Qaeda, the Taliban and 9-11 and the Iranians and a million people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's just stay on the top.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You're asking me what I already answered.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So President Trump comes into office and immediately lays out that his Iran strategy is maximum pressure on the regime, and he will not allow Iran have a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You believe Mossad fabricated that entire.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's all agree.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You're going to read the book.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Maybe Lex, you're going to read the book.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Viewers, you should read the book.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think David Albright has done a meticulous job.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, just warning, it's a big book, very detailed, hundreds of pages.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he goes through it in meticulous detail in analyzing this archive and showed again that Iran had an active nuclear weapons program designed to build five atomic warheads.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now we can talk about what happened after 2003 and did they make the decision to totally stop it?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he makes that clear

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It happens all the time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, Lex, maybe we should talk about what happened after 2003.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What about this 2007 NIE incident?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What does it mean?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Did it mean Iran had now abandoned its nuclear weapons program?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or did something else happen?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's an interesting history.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

consistently, I think, made it very clear during his first term, made it clear throughout his career.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not what the 2007 NIE says.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What the 2007 NIE says is that, and you are correct, according to the 2007 NIE report,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

is Iran made the decision after the invasion of Iraq not to pursue an active nuclear weapons program anymore.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because we were putting their best friends in power in Baghdad for them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, because the United States had gone in and in a matter of 100 days had taken down the Iraqi army.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's why you and I did not publicly support the Iraq war, did we?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

As far as I possibly could.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And thus begins this process with the Iranians, which has kind of multiple tracks.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They had fought an eight year war with where almost a million people, Scott, as you know, had been killed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they were they were afraid that the United States was going to march from Baghdad to Tehran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they make a decision to end their active Ahmad program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They make a decision to build up the key capabilities they need to retain an Iranian nuclear weapons option, specifically the enrichment capabilities at Natanz and then Fordow and at Iraq, giving them the plutonium route.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then what they do is they take the members of the Ahmad program, the nuclear weapons scientists that have worked on this, and they disperse them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they're now no longer in a formal weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the one that Trump sees most interested in at the time is the diplomatic track.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're put in a number of different research centers and universities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, who you mentioned...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

who's in some respects, I wouldn't call him the Oppenheimer of the Iranian nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's more like, who was in the Oppenheimer movie, Leslie Grove, the guy who was actually responsible for the organization and the training and the recruitment and the guy that actually ran the program as opposed to Oppenheimer, the sort of brilliant nuclear physicist.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is Fakhrizadeh.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So Fakhrizadeh takes control of this program

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And now it is dispersed and it is unstructured in that sense because they recognize that if they continue with this, the United States may march to Tehran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he makes it very clear from the beginning in a sort of Oval Office remark.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so the NIE says Iran is retaining the key capabilities, the enrichment capabilities to give them an option for a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But we, the NIE, have decided or we have concluded that they no longer have an active, structured nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

However, since then,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What have we seen?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We've seen them actually do what many suspected they would do, which is build all the key capabilities that they need so that at time of their choosing, they can decide

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to develop a nuclear bomb, whether it's a crude nuclear device, as you've described, whether it's a nuclear warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We've had that discussion so far.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He says the Iranians can either blow up their nuclear program under U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But just, sorry, just to finish.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So just understand the brilliance of Iranian nuclear deception, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's really interesting to get in the minds of the Ayatollah and understand this, because he doesn't want to provoke the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He doesn't want to see another Iraq-style invasion, this time of his country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's building this capability on the enrichment side and on the reprocessing side.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He is framing this as I'm only building a civilian nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's taking the weapons scientists who are building part of an active nuclear weapons program and he's dispersing them

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

putting them under the guidance and direction of Fakhrizadeh and starting to build out these capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I admire, I have to say, I really admire the way he's played this three-dimensional nuclear chess game.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's very, very interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

supervision or someone's going to blow it up for them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think he made a tragic mistake

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

about six weeks ago when he rejected the offer from Trump at Oman and then provoked both an Israeli and then an American strike.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he was playing this game almost perfectly before then in building out these capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think what he should have done if I were him, I would have waited out Trump.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would have waited three and a half years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would have taken the offer in Oman, which gave him enrichment capability above ground.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And even though, you know, at the time we think Netanyahu is really trying to push the president into a military campaign.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This consortium that was going to be built in three and a half years would never be built.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And even if it was built, he could just say, I'm not interested anymore and challenge the next president, whoever that is, Republican or Democrat, to do anything about it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think the political calculation should have been the next president's not going to do anything about this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'll be able to then be able to complete my nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he challenged Trump.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He thought Trump was a paper tiger.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He rejected that offer at Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we've seen what's happened over the past couple of weeks.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, I'm sure we'll talk about that throughout the podcast.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The president authorizes his lead negotiator and close friend, Steve Witkoff, to begin outreach to the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that's begun the Oman round.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it's Oman round because it's taking place in Oman with mediation efforts by the Omanis.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He didn't say that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the implication was, by the way, no U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

president ever said they're going to obliterate Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

President Hillary Clinton, all options are on the table.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Anyone can Google her word.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

She was never our president.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, I said she was running for president.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, but she was never our president.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But no U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

president ever said they'd obliterate Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Nobody ever said they'd drop a nuke on Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are five rounds of negotiations with the Iranians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I'm almost talking about nuking Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No one's talking about bombing Iran to smithereens or obliterating or anything.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And through the course of those negotiations, the US finally puts on the table an offer for Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll talk about the details of that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Iranians reject that offer.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we're now into the sixth round, which is supposed to take place on a Sunday.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He actually said, President Trump has said that an Iranian nuclear weapon is a threat to the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

President Trump sends out 20 truth posts a day.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let's look at the many, many, many things that he said.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

On the Thursday before the Sunday, the Israelis strike.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they go after, in a rather devastating campaign over a matter of now 12 days, they go over and go after Iran's nuclear program, the key nuclear sites.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Actually, IAEA has now said that they actually can no longer do this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because America...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because America withdrew from the- Before this war started.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, I mean, at the end of the day, let's just be factually accurate.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the fact of the matter is anybody who knows anything about nuclear weapons program knows that we do not have 100% certainty on anything.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, Scott is making claims here that the Mossad is fabricating, the CIA is fabricating, everybody's fabricating.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he's also assuming that we have 100% certainty about what Iran is doing inside a country more than two and a half times the size of Texas.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

As Scott rightly said, mountainous, incredibly difficult to monitor, incredibly difficult to surveil.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They built underground facilities at Natanz and Fordow without our knowledge.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They didn't disclose it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We finally found out about it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not true.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I already refuted that an hour ago.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Anyone can rewind it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

going after weapons scientists who are responsible for building Iran's nuclear weapons program, and also go after top IRGC, Islamic Revolutionary Guard commanders, as well as top military commanders.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it was through this exact kind of belligerence when we already had a deal that we could have continued to work with them on.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and Israel and the West.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We constantly aggress against North Korea, against Iran, against Russia, against these countries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they respond to us.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they respond to us

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In ways that they build nuclear weapons programs that are peaceful, but we force them to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They don't actually mean to kill us.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And yet there's still this one site that is the most fortified site.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's called Fordow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's an enrichment facility.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's buried under a mountain, goes about 80 meters deep.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If this podcast is all about the American government and the mistakes it's made, then we can spend four hours on it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So, Lex, I think the best case and something I've advocated for, I've been working on this for 22 years, is that the Iranians return to negotiations at Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

sit down with the United States and conclude an agreement that peacefully and permanently and fully dismantles their nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's encased in concrete.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They agree to that, which means they shut down any remaining facilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They give up all the remaining centrifuges and enriched material that they could use to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It has advanced centrifuges and highly enriched uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They let the IAEA in in order to supervise this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They actually commit to not rebuilding this nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we commit, as we've done with 23 other countries, to helping them provide civilian nuclear energy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because it seems to me a little fanciful that Khamenei would build a civilian nuclear program under 80 meters of concrete, surrounded by rock, and take

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

All the risks he's taken, and by the way, he faces a risk to his regime, spent a half a trillion dollars to do this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Israelis can do damage to it, but it's clear it's going to take the United States and our military power in order to severely degrade this facility.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It makes no commercial sense.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But let's take him at his word that he wants civilian nuclear energy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's build it for him.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

As long as there's no enrichment or reprocessing that gives him the key capabilities that he could if he decides to build nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That seems to me a thoughtful decision.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Scott would probably agree with it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Proliferation proof.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He can't build nuclear weapons and we can do this all peacefully.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's my preference.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What can Trump do to help make that happen?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think what he can do is he can say to the Iranians, look, I made you that offer last time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You rejected it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, that offer is no longer on the table because that offer gave you enrichment.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, temporarily, but I now see the game that you would have played when I left office to turn that enrichment and enrichment capability into nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So that deal's off the table.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But here's the deal that's on the table.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a one-page deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You give up your nuclear capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We help you build civilian nuclear energy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that's best case.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think worst case is that the Iranians do what they've unfortunately been doing over and over again and rejecting these deals and holding firm that they want to retain this enrichment capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the only reason they want to retain enrichment capability is the option to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Otherwise, they can have civilian energy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Tomorrow makes much more commercial sense to do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the entire international community would help them and pay for that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I worry that they're going to just remain intransigent at the negotiating table.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think if they do that, then what I worry that they're going to do is whatever remaining capabilities they have left, they'll bide their time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They'll wait for the opportunity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Maybe it's not now.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Maybe it's when Trump's gone.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Trump orders the United States Air Force to fly B-2 bombers and drop 12 massive ordnance penetrators, which are these 30,000 pound bombs on Fordow in order to, as he said, obliterate it more realistically to severely degrade it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they will rebuild this nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And they'll be then inviting...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

further strikes, further war, and further suffering.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I worry that that is the worst case.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And by the way, as part of that worst case in retaining the capabilities,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The extra worst case is they take those capabilities and they go for a nuclear bomb.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, if Scott's right and the regime has never had any desire for a nuclear bomb, we don't have to worry about that because, according to Scott, all of this has been fabricated, all of this has been a result of U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and Israeli intelligence mendacity, and we don't have to worry about a nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I personally worry about it, knowing this regime, looking at

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

two and a half decades of nuclear deception.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I worry that they want to retain those capabilities and at time of their choosing, develop a nuclear bomb.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think if you're responsible and you're trying to think through the various scenarios, you've got to consider an Iranian nuclear weapons breakout as a possibility.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And you've got to try to mitigate that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You either mitigate that at the negotiating table through a full dismantlement deal or, and that's not, it's the least

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, it's the least good option for sure is you're going to have to go back in there, either the Israelis and or the United States, and you're going to have to continue to use both covert action and air power to destroy those capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think one must never dismiss possibilities because, as I said, you've got to plan against worst-case options.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So that happens.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then he offers the Iranians, as he's been offering all the way through, you have an option.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I wish you'd listen and not put words in my mouth.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You can go back to Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I told you Oman, and you decided to force me to go to Fordow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I came to this country 22 years ago.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I became a proud U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

citizen 10 years ago.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm proud to be an American.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But now we can go back for negotiations.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And accusing me or Lex or any immigrants to this country of not being un-American is deeply offensive.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let me answer Lex's question, Lex.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's get back to your question.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because I think it's an important question.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What are the chain of events that could lead 500,000 mechanized U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

troops to have to invade Iran, which would be a disaster?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that's something we never want to see again.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's one of the lessons of Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Scott has done a good job over the years in...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

demonstrating that we don't want to do that again.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So is there such a scenario?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he forces a ceasefire on the Iranians, gets the Israelis to agree.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think one must never rule it out because there is a scenario, for example, where the regime collapses.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the regime collapses and there's chaos inside Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not suggesting that'll happen.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are a whole bunch of scenarios maybe we should talk about with respect to the collapse of the regime.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But you could see a scenario where the United States would have to go in there in order to try to secure military and nuclear and missile assets so that it doesn't end up at the hands of warring countries.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

factional and ethnic groups that Scott referred to.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because again, as he's rightly pointed out, Iran is not Persia.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can't the IDF handle it?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And that's where we are today.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So can I just finish?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just who can handle it, who cannot handle it?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that it's a potential scenario, which is why I don't think anybody should be advocating for a US decapitation of the regime in Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I have long been on record as supporting the Iranian people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

providing support to the Iranian people to, at one point, take back their country and take back their flag.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's where, as you say, a tentative ceasefire that just came into effect.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's very much sort of Reagan's strategy that Reagan ran in the Cold War of maximum pressure on the regime, maximum support for anti-Soviet dissidents, while, by the way, he was negotiating arms control agreements for the Soviet Union.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

in order to try to reduce the number of nuclear-tipped ICBMs that both countries had pointed at each other.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think the Reagan strategy of providing support to the people is a far better strategy for trying to get transition, leadership transition, government transition inside Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think the scenario of decapitation strikes, killing Khamenei, taking out the entire government could potentially lead to that scenario.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think we have to be

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

conscious of that, and we have to guard against that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we'll see now if the Iranians decide to take President Trump on his repeated offers, join him in Oman for another round of negotiations.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think that's important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, if a scenario happened like that, yeah, I mean, I think the Israelis have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities, and they could go in there, and they could secure loose nuclear materials that you would be worried could be

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

fashion for nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott doesn't seem to worry about these materials.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I worry about these materials and capabilities in the hands of anybody because they're all capabilities that just the physics of it, you can produce nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So best case scenario, negotiation, we fully dismantle their program in Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Worst case scenario is having to return for continued military strikes that continue to escalate the situation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Worst, worst situation is some kind of decapitation strike that collapses the regime and causes chaos.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are a whole bunch of other scenarios we can talk about that are embedded in that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think if you're a responsible person and a responsible analyst, and certainly you're a responsible policymaker, you've got to be planning for all of these scenarios and more.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, is there some stuff you want to add to that?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, the IAEA just came out recently.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Just point of fact, sort of interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll see on the battle damage assessment, but they actually think the facility was destroyed and that the centrifuges...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

the sensitive centrifuges were destroyed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So just interesting for the viewers.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it may be premature.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, no, that's not what I said.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's not what I said.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Be careful what I said.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, no enrichment capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let me just step back from this because we agree on some and we disagree on a major issue.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then if we both agree, Iran deserves a civilian nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not sure I said that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, I think it's, again, important, the distinction here.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We both agree that Iran deserves a civilian nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

23 countries have civilian nuclear programs and they don't have enrichment and they don't have reprocessing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Where we differ is I don't think Iran should have the Iran standard.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that Iran should agree to the gold standard that 23 U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

allies have agreed to.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So have civilian nuclear program, but you don't get to keep the key enrichment and reprocessing capabilities that you need to develop nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And America, of course, allowed Russia to sell them a heavy water reactor for the same purpose.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I agree with Scott that I think one of the ways out of this is, yes, whether it's the Chinese or preferably as an American, I prefer the Americans actually sell reactors to the Iranians is great.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

nuclear industry in this country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But if they can't, the South Koreans can, the Russians can, the Chinese can.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I wouldn't want to have significant Russian and Chinese influence in Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So better that it be a Western country that does it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Nevertheless, provide those reactors.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're proliferation proof.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's no enrichment and no reprocessing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You buy your fuel rods from abroad.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You put them in the reactors.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You power the Iranian electrical grid, which is in terrible shape because Ayatollah has spent a half a trillion dollars trying to build nuclear weapons and not trying to provide electricity for his people.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's help him.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's help his people get electricity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the key difference in our argument, and it's a fundamental difference.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The key difference is I do not want to give this regime

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

enrichment or reprocessing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because they have shown over time, for whatever reason, whether you believe it's they intended to, or we were lying about it, or we broke them, it doesn't matter.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What they have shown over the past number of years is they have gone up from 3.67% enriched uranium

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

for civilian purpose, all the way up to 60%, which is 99% of what you need for weapons grade.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Since we've seen them do it before, we don't want to see them do it again.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So no enrichment, full dismantlement, full deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then there's a peaceful resolution to... What I worry about is positions that are taken that undermine President Trump's negotiating leverage in Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because... Can I ask you, you were saying you support the JCPOA.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So let me ask you a question because you're right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, I'm glad you've pointed out because I, I try to take a nuanced position and during the JCPOA debate and I got hammered by the left and I got hammered by the right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Okay.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The, the, the left hammered me because I criticized the JCPOA because it's fundamental flaw was twofold.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

One, it gave Iran enrichment capability that would expand over time.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

as the restrictions sunset it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And number two, the sunsets were going to kick in and Iran would emerge with this industrial-sized program, which we would not be able to stop.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, the nuance position, which I got hammered on by the right, was I said, go negotiate with the Europeans, agree on a common transatlantic position to approach the Iranians and say, look, that deal that we did back in 2015, we think it's flawed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We want to extend that deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We want to get rid of the sunsets.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we are going to negotiate a deal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, does that mean we have to give you more sanctions relief?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, probably.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Europeans are not going to just agree without sanctions relief.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What happened is the Trump administration tried to negotiate with the Europeans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Europeans were opposed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

because they didn't want to revisit the agreement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We knew the Iranians were completely opposed, and there was no way they were going to do this if the United States and Europe were divided.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so just a little bit of history, I just think it's interesting history.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It was at that point that President Trump decided to withdraw from the agreement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Look, enrichment capability is a red line.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It has to be a red line.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Even though you know it's protected by the NPT, the right to peace for nuclear technology.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They call it a loophole, but they have the right to enrich uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

As there's different interpretations of everything, including agreements, there is a...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

a raging debate about whether the NPT actually gives you a right to enrich.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In fact, the Obama administration, even with the JCPOA, was not willing to recognize Iran's right to enrich, but they were willing to recognize its de facto reality that they were enriching.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can you explain NPT?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran is a member of it, and it is supposed to promote peaceful civilian nuclear energy.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And it's supposed to prevent countries from developing nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think that's a basic summary of it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran refused to ratify the additional protocol.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just want to just be clear on the facts.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, it's really important.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The important point, you asked me what I would advise the national security advisor of the United States, or if I was the national security advisor of the United States, which I guess I can't because I'm a foreigner.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But the fact of the matter is.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That it was Iran who started this?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, it's remarkable to me.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I want to reiterate this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott, you're a patriotic American.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

God bless you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

God bless the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Thank you for allowing me to come to this country and become an American.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's a great country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And as a patriotic American, I assume that the United States government and the United States intelligence community and the United States military has America's best interest at heart.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

However, we have learned from the history, and Scott's done a very good job of detailing this during the Iraq war, that the United States gets it wrong.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't think the United States lied us into war, but the United States got it wrong.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We must make sure that we learn the lessons of Iraq, but not overlearn the lessons of Iraq.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would also say this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There are many lobby organizations in the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's the China lobby.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's the oil lobby.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's the pharmaceutical lobby.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's the Qatar lobby.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I live in Washington.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I see all these lobby organizations, okay?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Fact of the matter is the pro-Israel lobby, which actually lobbies in support of the U.S.-Israel relationship, is comprised of tens of millions of Christians and Jews and Hindus, and yes, yes, Muslims, who believe strongly in a strong U.S.-Israel relationship.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The reason that relationship has been so strong over so many years and that this, quote, lobby has been so successful is they're pushing through an open door with policymakers, not because some nefarious money influence, but because at the end of the day, the interests align.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We counter terrorism together.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We counter nuclear proliferation together.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we believe that the U.S.-Israel relationship is a strong relationship.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And these accusations of dual loyalty and these accusations of Israel firsters that Scott's thrown around, I think distract us from the conversation, which I think we should return to.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Let's talk about today.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We've talked about best case scenarios.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We talked about worst case scenarios and we talked about really worst case scenarios.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I think let's talk about the way forward.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I'd be interested in hearing from Scott where he thinks we're going.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I'm certainly, I don't crystal ball these things.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's always difficult to predict.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think President Trump has done

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

A really good job.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has led this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has not been at the beck and call of Bibi Netanyahu or Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia or anyone else.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has led this effort.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He has made these decisions.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

This is a man who throughout his entire career, and not just his political career, but many, many years before that, believed that an Iranian nuclear weapon was a threat to the United States of America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

not just to our allies, but to the United States of America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he's been very clear on record.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He led this campaign since he started in January.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He offered negotiations.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He got rebuffed by the Iranians in Oman.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He put pressure on the regime economically.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He continued to offer negotiations.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He offered a very good, something that I thought was flawed negotiations.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, Lex, I got to tell you, the offer in Oman that he gave to the Iranians, I thought it was flawed because I think it allowed Iran to retain this key enrichment capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Iranians turned it down.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think Khamenei, to his everlasting regret, is going to wonder, why did I turn that down?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I could have got the enrichment capability that Scott thinks they deserve.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And yet I rejected it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Why did I reject it?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because now look what's happened in the past 12 days.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've lost Fordow, mostly.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll see what happens on the BDA, the Battle Damage Assessment.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've certainly lost Natanz.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've lost my conversion facility at Isfahan, which converts uranium hexafluoride into, well, converts yellow cake into uranium hexafluoride to pump into centrifuges.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the most important thing I lost at Isfahan is a conversion facility that takes 90% enriched uranium and turns it into uranium metal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know the 60%?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's 99% of the way to 90% enriched uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, you can make a crude nuclear device with 60% enriched uranium.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I just want to put that on the record.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But he lost that key conversion facility that turns 90% enriched uranium, or even 60% enriched uranium, into uranium metal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You need uranium metal to fashion a crude nuclear device or a warhead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's been destroyed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And when I was coming in this morning, I just checked.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I thought it was interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

There's been a whole lot of discussion about the fact that about 12 or 16 trucks showed up at Fordow in the days before the U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

strikes and moved something out of Fordow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, according to reports just this morning, we'll see if they're verified.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't trust single sourcing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't trust what some reporter just says in their stories because reporters got it wrong over and over again, especially all the ones who accuse President Trump of being a Russian agent.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But we'll see what happens.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll see if it's verified.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But according to the reports, most of the material remained at Fordow because the Iranians were calculating this was the most heavily fortified facility.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They were also calculating that President Trump was not going to strike it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because what they had been doing was listening to lots of voices.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we can name the voices or we can just talk to them about a collective who they thought were telling Trump, don't do it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we're telling Trump, don't do it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Trump decided on his own to do it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So they kept the enriched material at Fordow.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And if that's the case, it may be that much of it was destroyed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Again, caveat.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's just one or two stories right now, one in NBC News, and let's see what happens over the coming days.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But if that's the case, that material may have been destroyed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

One other element that we haven't even talked about at all today, which I think your listeners should be aware of,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We talked a lot about nuclear weapons development, warhead development.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What the Israelis did was they took out the top 15 nuclear weapons scientists who have been part of, remember I talked about that original Ahmad program and the development of those five atomic weapons?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, some of them who are old enough come from the Ahmad program, which is the early 2000s.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Some of them are new, but they've been, or not new, but younger, and they've been trained by the veterans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

the 15 top guys taken out.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That is akin to it's January or February 45, and the entire central team of Oppenheimer gets eliminated three to four months before the Trinity test, where we explode our first nuclear weapon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I would say significant damage to Iran's nuclear weapons program suggests that we potentially have rolled them back

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

for years, I don't know how many years, and all those technical assessments are still to come, but significant damage.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the question, as I said, is have they retained enough capabilities that they've squirreled away, stored in covert sites, put under deeply buried tunnels,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to break out to nuclear weapons?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's Scott's concern.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

That's my concern.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Lex, I'm sure it's your concern that they could do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or have they set back the program so significantly that Khamenei then has to decide, will I be inviting another Israeli and or U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

attack if I try to break out?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And if I do, do I risk my regime?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, but you said that the Ayatollah doesn't want a nuclear weapons program, Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You were very clear about that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What I said, what I was very clear about.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Ayatollah never wanted a nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Are you going back on that now?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

None of those countries have a nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can I just say technically, just, I think again, important for your listeners to understand under the JCPOA, uh,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Iran is allowed to keep a stockpile of a maximum of 300 kilograms, as I remember, of 3.67% enriched material.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're allowed to continue to enrich as long as if they go over that 300 kilogram, they have to continue to send that out to Russia.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

to Russia to blend down.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so they kept the enrichment capability, the ability to enrich.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They did keep a stockpile.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They're not allowed in those early years to go under 3.67%.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They would be allowed to go to 20% and 60% and 90% as the restrictions sunsetted, but they were able to keep all of those key capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I just want to clarify just technically what the JCPOA actually said and what it didn't say.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, but Scott, you're mischaracterizing what I'm saying.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I need to clarify when you mischaracterize.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Sure.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

A couple things I think were interesting, what Scott said, and I agree certainly with some of it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, the first thing is, I do believe President Trump has negotiated in good faith.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, he sent Steve Witkoff, his chief negotiator, for five rounds of negotiations since he came into office.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The second is, I mean, we can keep going around in circles, but the fact of the matter is, I do believe that Iran and Iran-backed terrorist organizations have

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

since 1979, killed and tried to kill and maim Americans and taking them hostage.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think it's important for me, again, to put that on the record.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But where I agree with Scott is, and it's interesting, and I don't know if Khamenei has changed.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's 86 years old.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's been in power since 1989.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And there's a little bit of history that I think is really interesting, Lex.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It was 1988, and Iran and Iraq had fought this brutal eight-year war, a million people dead.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the United States accidentally shot down an Iranian passenger airline.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The United States offered to pay compensation and apologized.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Iranians didn't believe it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They didn't believe we could accidentally do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

They thought we were going to be intervening militarily on behalf of Saddam.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So Khamenei, who's not the supreme leader at the time, he was the Iranian president, he and Rafsanjani, they go to Khomeini and they say, Mr. Ayatollah,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We got to sue for peace with the Iraqis because the Americans are intervening and we cannot fight the Americans.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We fought this brutal war.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We'll continue with Saddam.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We cannot fight the United States of America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Like that perception that there's no way they can fight the United States of America because that's regime ending potentially.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Even if we don't intend to, that could actually happen.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And there's a famous line where Khomeini says, all right, I agree.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I will drink the poison chalice.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'll drink the poison chalice.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I will agree to a ceasefire on pretty tough terms for Iran.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's interesting now, 36 years later, or 37 years later, Khamenei is now going to decide to drink the poison chalice.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Does he agree to a negotiated deal with the United States?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Does he agree to a deal that President Trump, and I mean, Scott criticizes me for it, but that's President Trump's position, is no enrichment, full dismantlement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, that's backed up by 52 of 53 Republican senators and 177 House GOP members and backed by everybody in his administration, including J.D.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Vance, who's been emphatic about that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Does he agree to that deal?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or does he decide, I'm not going to join the Poison Chalice, and I am going to take other options?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, I agree with Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Like, going after a U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

military basis, except in a symbolic way, suicidal.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Closing the Straits of Hormuz?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

40% of Chinese oil goes through there.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Chinese have been saying to the Iranians, don't you dare.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, 100% of Iranian oil goes from Iran and Karg Island through the Straits of Hormuz.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So economically suicidal for the Iranians to do that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Terror attacks, absolutely.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, that has been their modus operandi for years.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I would be concerned about terrorist attacks against U.S.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

targets, against civilians.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

potentially sleeper cells in the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So he's used terror cells around the world.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He's engaged in a decades-long assassination campaign, including on American soil, by the way, sometimes successfully, sometimes not, including most recently where he went after an Iranian American three times to try to assassinate her

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

In New York, a woman named Marcia Linejad.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And so he's got to be calculating, like, what is my play?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So if I don't do a deal, how can I actually squeeze the Americans?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Scott's right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Like, he must be thinking to himself.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

you know what?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I was literally on the 99-yard line with an entire nuclear weapons capability.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I should have crossed the goal line.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If I had had a warhead, a nuclear warhead, or multiple nuclear warheads, as they had been trying to build since the Ahmad plan in early 2000s, there's no way Israel and the United States would have hit me militarily if I had nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Then I would have had the ultimate deterrence to prevent that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then I would be like Kim Jong-un with nuclear weapons

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I would then build ICBMs and then I'd have the ultimate deterrent to stop that.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So he's got to be thinking maybe now, and I can guarantee you the revolutionary guards.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Can I tell you the Libya example?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I think Scott is the most interesting one for me, right?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Because in the Libya example, it was a big mistake.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

By the way, Ukraine is another good example of this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We went to the Libyans and we said, you must fully dismantle your program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And Gaddafi said, reluctantly under huge American pressure, okay, I'll do it.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And the Brits and the Americans went in there and literally hauled out his entire nuclear

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But that wasn't my point.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Okay.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

My point is, is he had a nuclear program and we can debate about, again, how we had debating about whether, again, it's always Gaddafi and Khamenei and all these people, they don't really want nuclear weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We just misunderstand them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But, but that's not the point.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The point is we did a deal with Gaddafi.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We pulled out his nuclear program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And then I don't know how many years later, but it wasn't too many years later, seven years later.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Thank you, Scott.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We actually took, took Gaddafi out.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And he didn't have a nuclear program, so we took him out in the Libya operation.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Now, Ukraine is another great example.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The Ukrainians, after the fall of the Soviet Union, you know this, they had the Soviet nuclear arsenal or good parts of it on their soil.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So we went to them and we said, all right, well, here's a deal for you.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Give up the nuclear arsenal off your territory, and we and the Russians and the French guarantee your territorial integrity.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

and your sovereignty as a country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So the Ukrainians said, fair deal to me, gave up all the nuclear weapons, and then Putin has now invaded Ukraine twice.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But Scott, my point is, and I think you'll agree with this.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

My point is, if you're Khamenei and you've seen those two examples of Libya, you gave up.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Your nuclear program, Gaddafi gets taken down.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Your Ukraine, you gave up your nuclear weapons and the Russians invaded twice.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

If you're Khamenei thinking to yourself, the only thing that matters more to me than my nuclear weapons program is my regime survival.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And in 12 days of war, the Israelis specifically, because we hit Fordow and Isfahan and Natanz.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We, the United States, hit those sites.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

We, the United States, hit those sites.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I said we, the United States.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not a neocon.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I'm not a neoconservative, so I don't know who he's talking about, but I'm not a neoconservative.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, so let's go back to where Khamenei may be.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean—

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

in a bunker, 86 years old, thinking he's going to drink the poison chalice and agree to a deal with Donald Trump and Oman?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Or is he going to do all of the things that Scott and I are concerned about?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And one of those, and Scott has pointed this out, rightly so, is he may decide now to break out for the nuke or creep out for the nuke.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He may decide not to do it now.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He may decide to do it

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

in three and a half years when president Trump is gone.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And I think that the, the important thing is he's seen we, the United States, we took out Fordow and Natanz and Isfahan in one operation with B2 bombers and, and,

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

12, 30,000-pound massive orange penetrators and Tomahawk missiles.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So if he didn't think that the United States had serious military power before, he now knows we do.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

So I've said online in the past 12 days and even before that, curb your enthusiasm.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Curb your enthusiasm.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, just this sort of idea that this has been like this unbelievable success and everything's great and everything's going to be amazing.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And we stopped the nuclear weapons program.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And this has been a resounding success.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I've just said kind of curb your enthusiasm.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Khamenei remains very dangerous.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The regime remains very dangerous.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

A wounded animal is the most dangerous animal in the animal kingdom.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He retains key capabilities to build weapons.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

What does unconditional surrender mean?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It means no enrichment, full dismantlement.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Okay.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yes, exactly right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Isn't that what that means?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But President Trump made it very clear.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Unconditional?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

He made it clear.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I don't support regime change.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Well, except for that one post...

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

A few hours earlier.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Right.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I actually, I'll explain that one because I thought it was really interesting.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Yeah, yeah.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I guess Donald Trump doesn't listen to Bibi all the time, does he?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Every country, every country that defends its national interests.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

I mean, that's not unusual for Israel or any other country.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

But I think to understand.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

You know how many American lives the Israeli intelligence community has saved?

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And ask people in the FBI and CIA who work counterterrorism how many American lives the Israelis have saved because of their intelligence capabilities.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

Not only planning operations against the United States, but executing them.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

No, no, no.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

The history is America's problem with Al-Qaeda is because of Israel.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

America and Israel are terrorist states.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

And when I mean us, Scott, I mean America.

Lex Fridman Podcast
#473 – Iran War Debate: Nuclear Weapons, Trump, Peace, Power & the Middle East

It's all us, Scott.