Peter Norvig

And it was all built by hand.

And it was all built by hand.

Programmers sitting down, trying to understand what the doctor said and trying to encode that into rules that they would write into the system.

Programmers sitting down, trying to understand what the doctor said and trying to encode that into rules that they would write into the system.

And it worked to some extent, but it was very brittle, and it just often failed to handle problems that were just slightly outside of what it had anticipated.

And it worked to some extent, but it was very brittle, and it just often failed to handle problems that were just slightly outside of what it had anticipated.

So in the 1990s, there was a big switch away from this expert system, hand-coded approach towards machine learning approaches, where we said rather than telling the system how to do it,

So in the 1990s, there was a big switch away from this expert system, hand-coded approach towards machine learning approaches, where we said rather than telling the system how to do it,

You just show it lots of examples and let it learn by itself.

You just show it lots of examples and let it learn by itself.

And so we felt like the existing books had missed that change.

And so we felt like the existing books had missed that change.

We wanted to write a book about it.

We wanted to write a book about it.

So we did that.

So we did that.

But of course, things continue to change.

But of course, things continue to change.

And so I guess what can I say about what's changed over the four editions?

And so I guess what can I say about what's changed over the four editions?