Piotr Nater
speaker
792 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Aug 2026
last heard 8 Aug
Piotr Nater’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
Trend
recordings per month · last 12 monthsRecordings per month over the last 12 months — 1 in all, peaking in Aug 2026 with 1.
Appearances
Its schools and printing presses spread far and wide its doctrines besides an abundance of information on other subjects.
Numerous foreign religious fugitives from Germany, France, Italy, and even Scotland settled in this promised land of freedom.
The final victory of the new faith in Poland appeared almost certain, even to its opponents.
While the religious parties were fighting their quarrels, Zigismund II had obtained important diplomatic and military successes which make his reign one of the most memorable in Polish annals.
He won brilliant victories over the hospital of Wallachia and forced him to surrender considerable parts of his territory.
His conquests in Livonia on the Baltic Sea were far more valuable.
The Teutonic Order, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, held the former possessions of the Order of the Sword, Livonia, Estonia, and Curland, which it entrusted to the administration of a special commander.
At the time of the Reformation, this commander was the heroic Walter of Plattenburg, who, on the secularization of the order in Prussia, separated from Prussia, and in spite of the inroads of Protestantism
racism into his territory remained loyal to the old faith.
He succeeded in repelling the attacks of external foes, but with his death the prosperity of the order passed away.
In fifteen fifty four freedom of worship had to be conceded to the Protestants, and by this act the connection with the rest of the order in Germany was sundered.
In the states of the order, the ruling caste of Germans was but a small minority in the midst of a mass of Finns and Lithuanians who lived in serval degradation.
The knights were far from really controlling the whole country.
The Archbishop of Riga and his four suffragan bishops enjoyed virtual independence in their seas.
The important cities of Dorpat, Riga and Treval, members of the Hanseatic League, constituted little republics of a pronounced Protestant type.
Moreover, the country gentry, in each of the three lands, formed a corporation of their own, which still further curtailed the power of the nominal masters.
Such a loose structure must break down at the first serious attack.
In the year fifteen fifty eight, Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible attacked and defeated the forces of the Order and overran their territory.
It seemed as if it was to remain a prey for the Muscovites.
The Grand Master, Godard Kettler, tried to save for himself what could still be saved from the general wreck, and following the example of Albert of Brandenburg, concluded at Vilna a treaty with Sigismund Augustus, which surrendered Livonia to the Poles.
Showing 221–240 of 792 · page 12 of 40
← Previous
Next →