Piotr Nater
speaker
792 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Aug 2026
last heard 8 Aug
Piotr Nater’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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Appearances
The master himself laid aside the habit of the order and became, as a Protestant, Duke of Curland and Semgalen, under the suzerainty of Poland.
In fifteen sixty eight.
But the Lithuanian nobles of Estonia, who would have nothing to do with the Catholic Poles, transferred their allegiance to Sweden, together with the town of Reval.
Zigismund dreaded these adversaries far less than he did the Tsar, whom he had robbed of his expected prey.
To guard against him and retain his new conquests, he created a standing army which was called the Quartians, because it was maintained and paid by means of one fourth part of the royal revenues.
The war with Russia broke out immediately, but in spite of a few losses, the Poles maintained themselves in their new conquests till fifteen sixty eight, when an armistice put an end to hostilities for a while.
Sigismund had thus made the largest addition to the Polish territory which it had ever received.
It extended from the shores of the Gulf of Finland to the Dniester, and from the mouth of the Netze in the west to the Desna in the east.
Sigismund Augustus, whose third marriage was also childless, and who looked forward with dread to the dangers to which the extinction of his dynasty must expose his vast empire, sought to provide against them as far as possible by strengthening it internally.
Till then the two great divisions of his realm, Poland and Lithuania, had been bound together only by personal union.
He laboured with laudable zeal to bring about between them a real union, and also to induce the Prussian nobility to attend the diet.
He met with decided opposition in this endeavor.
Prussia was unwilling to surrender the independence which the treaties insured to her in all internal affairs.
Neither the Catholic nor the Protestant Lithuanians were disposed to renounce a glorious record of national existence extending back over centuries, and the numerous Russians in the Grand Principality were
who were members of the Greek Church were reluctant to accede to the king's wishes on account of the important question of religion.
The king succeeded in overcoming the opposition of the Lithuanians only by a skillful mixture of cunning, intrigue, and disguised force.
The Diet of Lublin, fifteen sixty nine.
is one of the most glorious in Polish history, for there the permanent union of the two countries was declared.
This made it sure that, after the death of Zigismund, the same person would be elected as king by Poles and Lithuanians.
The two diets were also united.
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