Professor Nicole Hemmer
speaker
296 appearances
5 recordings
1 series
first heard Apr 2025
last heard Jun 2025
Professor Nicole Hemmer’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
Trend
recordings per month · last 12 monthsNo recordings in the last 12 months.Older appearances are listed below; set an alert to hear about the next one.
Appearances
And so there are these tensions even within the United States over whether to bring in and welcome in people from other countries. Yeah.
Yeah, before you tighten the border, people can migrate more circularly. Like they can come and work in the United States, then go back home to Mexico. If you don't have a militarized border, that's a lot easier to do, to go back and forth. It's once you close down the border that people stay permanent.
Das Brastero-Programm ist wirklich interessant. Es begann während der Zweiten Weltkrieg, als die Vereinigten Staaten in Europa und im Pazifik kämpften. Und viele der Männer in den Vereinigten Staaten waren weg vom Krieg. Und wir brauchten noch mehr. People to grow our food. We still needed people to keep the factories running.
Famously, women stepped in in a lot of these roles, but also Mexicans did. And so the Bracero Program, it was a series of agreements between the US and Mexican governments and between specific employers in the United States.
to bring in Mexican nationals to work in the United States officially, under official contracts, so to do it legally and to bring them to work in the fields and the factories and keep the country going. And so it started during World War II, but it lasted until the mid-1960s.
And it was this funnel of labor, but it was interesting because it was official and it was promoted and encouraged by both governments.
Yes, exactly. And so you have this official sanctioned government program, the Bracero program, but you also have people working unofficially, not through these legal channels. And you have both things happening at the same time. And so you get a lot of pushback from people in the United States. You know, the same old thing is always right. The Mexicans are taking our jobs.
And eventually the United States government says, okay, we're going to deport the people who are here illegally.
By hiring them and recruiting, yeah. But also exploiting.
Yeah, we don't really start clamping down on border crossings and trying to stop people from crossing the border until under Reagan, really the mid 1980s with the immigration with Erica.
Yeah, they frame it as a problem, even though, like you said, there had always been this push and pull factor. There had always been... People recruiting Mexican labor within the United States. So there had always been this desire to get Mexican labor here. But now you're framing it more as an invasion. They describe it as an invasion.
And this idea that they are taking over the United States, that they're going to change our culture somehow. And so it definitely becomes more inflamed in the 1980s and 1990s.
Yeah, so instead of people going back and forth for work, instead of it being more of a labor issue, it does become this question of what do we do with Millions of people who are staying instead of going back and forth. Because, like you said, it's no longer very easy to get into the United States.
So once you get in and people pay thousands of dollars to get into the United States, to get smuggled in, they risk their lives crossing Mexico, crossing the border. And so they're not going to go through that again. Once they get in the United States, they're going to stay. And they'll send money back to Mexico, certainly. But they're not going to go back and forth anymore.
And so you get a population that is staying. Right. But I like what you say. It became seen as an invasion instead of the normal way it was seen in the past, which was kind of a circular migration. Right.
Yeah, exactly. When Mexico does well, the United States does well. Instead of viewing it as a competition, for a lot of history it has been a partnership, where you can see both economies are extremely connected, intimately connected. U.S. investment in Mexico, Mexican labor in the United States, it's all of a piece, right? And so this idea that It's a zero-sum game is not actually accurate.
That's not how it's developed. That's not how either economy has developed.
No.
Ja, und das ist tatsächlich während der Mexikanischen Revolution. Sie passen eine Konstitution, die Konstitution von 1917, die sagt, dass alle mexikanischen Territorien und alles unterhalb, insbesondere Minen, Öl, zu der mexikanischen Nation gehört. Und so kommt das aus der Revolutionär-Ära, aber sie fordern diese Konstitution nicht für ein bisschen.
Sie sind beschäftigt, Nationen zu bauen und Dinge nach der Mexikanischen Revolution zusammenzubringen. But then by the 1930s, you do have a government that is becoming more nationalist, especially under President Lázaro Cárdenas. And so he decides to nationalize Mexico's oil industry in 1938, like you mentioned.
Showing 41–60 of 296 · page 3 of 15
← Previous
Next →