Turner Caldwell
speaker
1,178 appearances
3 recordings
1 series
first heard Jul 2025
last heard 5 Aug
Turner Caldwell’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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recordings per month · last 12 monthsRecordings per month over the last 12 months — 2 in all, peaking in Aug 2026 with 1.
Appearances
And just in that relatively simple system, they were able to reduce energy consumption by 30, 40%.
Yeah.
And it happened relatively quickly.
And so that's the opportunity when you remove humans from making the decisions on how kind of like these process systems operate.
Like that's the opportunity.
And then when we look at kind of refining and processing facilities, that's like a thousand control variables.
And it's no longer single pass because what's really interesting about minerals refining is that you never want to lose the metal, right?
Every piece of metal that you or every atom that you lose kind of in the processing facility is another atom that you have to mine.
So recovery in the refinery is actually like the biggest lever when it comes to cost.
And so what that means is that the upstream unit operations think of a refinery as like 20 unit operations kind of all in series in a relatively simple refinery.
Yeah, right.
The upstream operations obviously impact the downstream operations, because if you're changing the process conditions in the upstream operation, that changes what the downstream operation is seeing.
But the downstream operations will recycle the, like, reject stream back into the upstream operations.
And so it's this big interconnected web where if you make a change in one part of the circuit, and it's a high-latency web also, where if you make a change in one part of the circuit, you may not see that change cascade for another 24 or 48 hours.
And the when we're commissioning refineries like the world, the that like latency ends up being a major driver of kind of the time it takes to bring a refining operation to spec and eventually ramp it to throughput.
I mean, there are some refineries that were built recently that are still not commissioned.
They were built in like three years ago.
But it's like the Chinese companies are doing it in like six months.
And a lot of Western companies, it takes two to four years.
And that stacks up where we need to build like an insane number of mines and refineries.
Showing 181–200 of 1,178 · page 10 of 59
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