¿Te han dicho que hay bacterias que te quitan la ansiedad? Despacito. En este episodio te explico qué son los psicobióticos, cómo se comunica la microbiota con el cerebro (vía vagal, metabolitos, sistema inmune y eje del estrés) y por qué la mayor parte de la evidencia es todavía en ratones. Te explico el mito de la serotonina intestinal. Y vemos que los efectos son específicos por cepa y muy modestos en humanos (algunas, como B. longum 1714 o combinaciones de L. helveticus/B. longum, han mostrado señales). Una misma cepa puede fallar en humanos aunque funcione en modelos animales. No sustituir tratamientos médicos, siempre buscar etiquetas con la cepa y dosis si se prueba un probiótico, y preferir medidas probadas (dieta rica en fibra, sueño, ejercicio y apoyo social). Aquí los links a los artículos: Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biol Psychiatry 2013;74(10):720-726. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23759244/ Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV, et al. Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. PNAS 2011;108(38):16050-16055. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1102999108 Kelly JR, Allen AP, Temko A, et al. Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2017;61:50-59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27865949/ Messaoudi M, Lalonde R, Violle N, et al. Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Gut Microbes 2011;2(4):256-261. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/gmic.2.4.16108 Allen AP, Hutch W, Borre YE, et al. Bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers. Transl Psychiatry 2016;6(11):e939 https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2016191 Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, et al. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019;99(4):1877-2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31460832/ Nikolova VL, Smith MRB, Hall LJ, et al. Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2021;78(12):1343-1354. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34524405/ Rudzki L, Ostrowska L, Pawlak D, et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v decreases kynurenine concentration and improves cognitive functions in patients with major depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019;100:213-222. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30388595/ Kato-Kataoka A, Nishida K, Takada M, et al. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota preserves the diversity of the gut microbiota and relieves abdominal and psychological symptoms in healthy students exposed to academic stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016;82(12):3649-3658. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27208120/ Pinto-Sanchez MI, Hall GB, Ghajar K, et al. Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 Reduces Depression Scores and Alters Brain Activity: A Pilot Study in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology 2017;153(2):448-459. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28483500/

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“What did the council decide on item 42?” — answered with the speaker and the moment.

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