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Short Wave

What’s In A Kiss? 21 Million Years Of Evolution

28 Nov 2025

Transcription

Chapter 1: What is the main topic discussed in this episode?

0.031 - 9.753 Unknown

Support for NPR and the following message come from Jarl and Pamela Moan, thanking the people who make public radio great every day and also those who listen.

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11.096 - 14.884 Emily Kwong

You're listening to Shortwave from NPR.

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15.86 - 25.912 Regina Barber

Hey, short wavers. Regina Barber here. And Emily Kwong. With our biweekly science news roundup featuring the hosts of All Things Considered. And today we are back with space case Scott Detrow.

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26.172 - 32.219 Scott Detrow

Listen, I like space, as you know, but I'm also a fan of apes making out. And that's why I'm here today. I heard that's a topic.

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32.299 - 37.125 Emily Kwong

Yes, we're going to pucker up to some weird research. We're also going to talk about space moths.

37.305 - 43.572 Regina Barber

Yes, and we are going to talk about another moon story, Scott. But this time it's ours and how it was made.

43.552 - 47.621 Scott Detrow

You know, I think last time we talked about one of Jupiter's moons. Yeah. So I'm glad we're closer to home this week.

47.641 - 47.882 Regina Barber

Yeah.

48.062 - 54.878 Emily Kwong

Moon, moon. You know, buy local. Get excited for all of that on this episode of Shortwave, the science podcast from NPR.

Chapter 2: How far back in evolutionary history does kissing go?

323.592 - 339.923 Emily Kwong

After nine months in space, more than 80% of these spores germinated once they were back on Earth. From this, scientists calculate the spores could go about 15 years in space conditions and still germinate. The team published their results in the journal iScience.

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340.264 - 342.107 Scott Detrow

So are we going to terraform with them?

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342.138 - 353.691 Regina Barber

Well, the paper points out that moss and other bryophytes can survive low light. They're great at making oxygen and fixing carbon, and they could be good at transforming other planets' surfaces into fertile soil.

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353.871 - 363.802 Emily Kwong

But the scientists have only shown that the spores can survive, you know? They haven't shown that the moss, the green fuzzy stuff that you see on Earth can grow in space under this extreme radiation.

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Chapter 3: What methods did scientists use to study kissing in primates?

364.122 - 368.687 Scott Detrow

Finally, we're going to talk about a moon. This week it's our moon, a close-to-home moon.

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368.867 - 369.428 Regina Barber

Yes.

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369.408 - 373.515 Scott Detrow

Gina, I'm always pro moon stories. Tell me about this week's.

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373.915 - 376.56 Regina Barber

Yes, Scott. Okay, right now, in the sky, there's a moon.

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376.8 - 377.02 Scott Detrow

True.

377.281 - 394.188 Regina Barber

Okay. And then in the beginning, when the solar system was forming, there was a proto-Earth and no moon. No moon. Then something maybe the size of Mars came and smashed into proto-Earth, and that debris from that giant crash made the moon. And the name of this, like, planet-smashing object was Theia.

394.569 - 407.689 Emily Kwong

Now, a new paper in the journal Science is attempting to figure out what this object, Theia, was made out of and where in the solar system it came from. Here's how Kelsey Preisel put it. She's a geochemist from Purdue University who didn't work on this study.

407.969 - 416.863 Timo Hopp

For me, this paper reads kind of like a planetary whodunit, where we're trying to figure out how do we form the Earth-Moon system.

417.012 - 423.83 Scott Detrow

All right, so where did Theia the Earth Smasher... Yeah. It's like a mythological phrase. Yeah, it's like a Marvel villain. Yeah.

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