要说163的这个特别性质，我们要从质因数分解说起。我们小学时候就知道质因数分解这件事，而且有一个定理叫：唯一因子分解定理。意思就是任何一个整数的质因数分解方式是唯一的，不可能有两种方法。这个定理是如此重要，以至于它有另一个名称叫“算术基本定理”。但你有没有想过，在引入虚数之后，这个质因数分解有了些新的变化。比如我们算一下(1+i)(1-i)=1-(-1)=2，这样好像2就有了一种因数分解方法了。当然如果你看到这个结果就当一个奇淫巧技，一带而过了，那什么也不会发生。但大数学家高斯不这样么想，他在1801年出版一本数论巨著叫《“算术研究”》中提出了两个与这个因数分解问题相关的猜想。请关注订阅号：dalaoli_shuxue
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