Stuart Winkler

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394 appearances 1 recordings 1 series first heard Jul 2026 last heard 23 Jul

Stuart Winkler’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Recordings per month over the last 12 months — 1 in all, peaking in Jul 2026 with 1.

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Thinking About Ob/Gyn · Episode 12.2 Cuff Dehiscence and Classic Papers · 23 Jul 2026 podcast

And really this led to the idea that a vaccine against some of these HBV strains, specifically HBV 16 and 18

would have utility in preventing cervical cancer.

Yeah, so the yeah, you're right.

The actual discovery of the link between HPV and cancer was made by Harold Zerhausen and he went on to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in two thousand eight.

And that was for his discovery that HPV was the main causative agent in cervical cancer.

Yeah.

Yeah, those those H H's, they're pretty smart.

Yeah.

So the vaccine development was also its own challenge because you couldn't just use a traditional live attenuated or killed virus since the virus itself is actually oncogenic, right?

So the breakthrough actually came because researchers were able to work together independently, but bring their work together.

And they figured out that the exp the major capsid protein, L1,

was really the im important thing t s to sort of allow this this vaccine to be made about around that.

And this L one

is important in recombinant expression systems, causing the proteins to self-assemble into what are called these v virus-like particles or VLPs.

So VLPs mirror the outer shell of the actual virus and are very immunogenic, but they don't have the actual viral DNA in them, so they're not infectious.

They're just the the outer shell.

So Merck developed the quadravalent Gardasyl vaccine.

And that was released in 2006, so actually 20 years ago.

And this protected against two alkogenic strains, so 16 and 18, and then also the two strains that can cause venereal warts, so 6 and 11.

People actually forget that Glaxo Smith Klein also developed a vaccine in 2009.

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