大家好,我是大老李。之前有听众想让我聊聊数学里的“群”概念,讲讲群论。我们平时经常可以看到一些数学文章里会提到各种各样的“群”,比如“李群”,“对称群”,“单群”等等。这些术语听上去是有点高大上,但其实“群”这个概念本身却十分简单。所以本期节目就想帮助不了解“群”概念的听众,快速理解下什么是“群”。一个示例的家谱:根据本期节目定义的“加法”,我们有:外甥+外甥女=“大姐+姐夫”外甥+侄儿=“爸爸+妈妈”群(G,·)是由集合G和二元運算"·"构成的,符合以下四个性质(称“群公理”)的数学结构。其中,二元运算结合任何兩個元素a和b而形成另一個元素,记為a·b,符號"·"是具體的運算,比如整數加法。群公理所述的四个性质为:1. 封閉性: 對于所有G中a, b,運算a·b的結果也在G中。b[›]2. 結合律: 對于所有G中的a, b和c,等式 (a·b)·c = a· (b·c)成立。3. 單位元: 存在G中的一個元素e,使得對于所有G中的元素a,总有等式e·a = a·e = a 成立。4. 逆元: 對于每個G中的a,存在G中的一個元素b使得总有a·b = b·a = e,此处e为單位元。阅读节目文稿请微信订阅: dalaoli_shuxue
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