The Determined Society with Shawn French
Episodes
Singing as Medicine: How Liz Caplan Healed Through Music
15 Dec 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this deeply moving episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Liz Caplan, world-renowned vocal coach, founder of Liz Capla...
Olivia Mock Shares The Truth About Self-Love, Fitness & Discipline
12 Dec 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Olivia Mock, founder and CEO of The Check-In Club, a rapidly growing fitne...
Surviving Trauma, Building Strength: Jerome on Fatherhood, Healing & Determination
08 Dec 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with entrepreneur and wellness advocate Jerome, whose life story is a raw testa...
Kwame Christian’s Guide to Negotiation, Courage & Hard Conversations
05 Dec 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, Shawn French sits down with Kwame Christian, a bestselling author, attorney, corporate negotiation consulta...
The Story Behind SXSW: Reinvention, Leadership & the Power of Connection
01 Dec 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this inspiring episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Greg Rosenbaum, SVP of Programming at South by Southwest and a 1...
The Woman Who Refused to Break: Guerdy Abraira on Healing, Identity & Strength
28 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Guerdy Abraira, world-renowned event designer, Real Housewives of Miami st...
Inside the $630M Bentley Residences: How Gil Dezer Is Changing Luxury Real Estate
26 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with visionary developer Gil Dezer, the mind behind Dezer Development and the g...
The Luttrell Brothers: Brotherhood, Battle Scars & Becoming Unbreakable
24 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this powerful episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Marcus and Morgan Luttrell, Navy SEAL legends, brothers, warriors...
How to Lead Your Family in a Broken World: Larry Hagner’s Blueprint
21 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Larry Hagner, the founder of The Dad Edge, author, coach, and the voice be...
How Jeffrey Delaney Is Rewriting the Rules of Men’s Health
17 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this powerful episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Jeffrey Delaney — founder of T Clinics and Nuviva Medical Weigh...
The Evolution of “Reacher”: Andrew Child on “Exit Strategy”
14 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when determination becomes your only strategy?In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Andrew Child, a...
How Horses Heal the Mind and Body
10 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
At the Naples Therapeutic Riding Center, miracles happen on horseback. Host Shawn French steps onto the 10-acre sanctuary where horses help humans hea...
Jay Huguley: Causing Trouble in “Death on the Brandywine”
05 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this cinematic new episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with acclaimed film and television actor Jay Huguley — days awa...
Girl Climber: Emily Harrington’s Ascent Beyond Limits
03 Nov 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this gripping episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Emily Harrington — world-renowned professional climber, mother,...
How Andrew Pollack Made Florida Schools Safer for Every Child
31 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this profoundly emotional episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Andrew Pollack, father of Meadow Pollack — one of t...
Kelly Bensimon: From Controversial Reality TV Star to Real-Life Powerhouse
27 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this sharp, high-energy episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with the iconic Kelly Killoren Bensimon — model, author, R...
John O’Leary: The Real-Life Miracle Behind Soul on Fire
24 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
We present a deeply moving conversation with host Shawn French as he sits down with John O’Leary — bestselling author, motivational speaker, and t...
Daniel Mac: The Guy Who Asks “What Do You Do for a Living?”
20 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with viral creator Daniel Mac, the mind behind the iconic street interviews ask...
Lamborghini: Living a Full Throttle Life
17 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Nick Del Negro, General Manager of Lamborghini Naples, joins Shawn French on The Determined Society to talk about what it really means to live at full...
Kathy Ireland: From Supermodel to Super Mogul
13 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Global icon Kathy Ireland joins The Determined Society for a deeply personal and empowering conversation about reinvention, resilience, and faith. Fr...
William H. Macy: From Shameless to Soul on Fire
10 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Academy Award nominee William H. Macy joins Shawn French on The Determined Society for a powerful conversation about his latest film, Soul on Fire —...
Built on Biohacking: Joseph Rivera and the MoreLife Movement
08 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
When chasing success costs you your health, it’s time to biohack your way back to balance. Joseph Rivera—founder of the MoreLife Biohacking Summi...
Coyote Hills: Kellermans on Crime, Family & Legacy
06 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when a legendary crime novelist and his equally acclaimed son join forces on a new thriller? Jonathan Kellerman—#1 New York Times bes...
Built on Grit: The Picklr Empire
03 Oct 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What would you do if you got laid off with five kids and a mortgage staring you down? Most people would retreat. Jorge Barragan doubled down. Out of...
Freedom Town USA with Patrick Dearborn
29 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Patrick Dearborn brings unwavering purpose to every role he leads—whether as a top real estate agent, fire commissioner, or community advocate in Na...
White Sands: Addiction Recovery Redefined
26 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Addiction, recovery, and wellness aren’t just abstract topics—they’re real battles being fought every single day. In this episode of The Deter...
Remembering Charlie Kirk with Dr. Gina Loudon
24 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This powerful episode of The Determined Society honors the life and legacy of Charlie Kirk. Joined by Dr. Gina Loudon—author, media personality, and...
Netflix: Black Rabbit with Chris Coy
22 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What does determination look like in Hollywood—and beyond? In this episode of The Determined Society, Shawn French sits down with his cousin, Chri...
Killing Castro with Frankie Faison
19 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Frankie Faison is more than just a familiar face from Coming to America, The Wire, and Banshee. With over 200 plays, 200 commercials, 200 television e...
America’s Bio-Terror Blind Spot: Steve Gruber Exposes the Threats
15 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when award-winning broadcaster and investigative journalist Steve Gruber digs into the threats no one else is talking about? From Chinese...
Suebelle Robbins: From Rock Bottom to Palm Beach Royalty
12 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
At 70 years old, SueBell Robbins has become nothing short of an Instagram sensation. Known as the "Instagram Queen of Palm Beach," she’s amassed a d...
Chasing Evil: Voices of the Dead with John Edward & Bob Hilland
08 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when an FBI agent chasing justice meets a world-famous psychic? You get one of the most unique—and shocking—crime-fighting duos in hi...
No Participation Trophies: The Hard Truth About Courage & Confidence
05 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What if courage wasn’t something you’re born with—but something you could build like a muscle? Juan Bendana, renowned keynote speaker, leaders...
Beds Build Weak Men. Mick Hunt Builds Leaders
01 Sep 2025
Contributed by Lukas
From humble beginnings shaped by childhood promises to his mother, to building and selling multi-million-dollar companies, Mick Hunt is proof that lea...
Charles Spencer: Abuse In British Boarding School?
29 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, joins us for a conversation that blends history, legacy, and the power of storytelling. From his e...
Rick Macci: The Coach Behind Serena & Venus Williams Success
25 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
He’s the man behind the greatest tennis story of all time. Rick Macci—Hall of Fame coach, global tennis icon, and the man who coached Venus and Se...
Everything You Know About Nutrition Is Wrong with Nina Teicholz
22 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode, investigative journalist and New York Times bestselling author Nina Teicholz dismantles decades of flawed dietary advice and reveals ...
Stephen Cazares: The Menendez Brothers released on parole?
18 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Could the infamous Menendez brothers really walk free? Criminal Attorney and partner at Foundation Law Group, Stephen Cazares, joins The Determined S...
The Pulse: Inside the Society
15 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In Episode 2 of The Pulse, Shawn French & Pat Sitkins “flush the format” to give you a behind the scenes look at The Determined Society—covering...
The Digital Disrupter with Jeremy Greene
11 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
From millionaire at 26 years old, to prison, to rebuilding it all—Jeremy Greene’s story is anything but ordinary. In this episode of The Determin...
Fired Up: The Anti-Good Girl Playbook with Shannon Watts
08 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when one mother’s grief and rage transform into a national movement? In this gripping episode of The Determined Society, Shannon Watts...
Is This Andrea Bartz's Most Twisted Thriller Yet?
04 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Andrea Bartz, bestselling author and creator of The Last Ferry Out, takes us behind the scenes of her writing process and the raw emotions that fuel h...
Lamborghini Life, Luxury, and the Psychology of Supercars with Floyd Raglin
01 Aug 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Floyd Raglin isn’t just selling cars. He’s selling status, speed, and the dream. As one of the top luxury auto consultants in the country, Floyd ...
Anthony Kennedy Shriver & Best Buddies International: The World's Top Special Needs Support Network
28 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when a member of one of the most iconic families in American history turns his privilege into purpose? Anthony Kennedy Shriver, CEO of Be...
Big Dog Ranch Rescue: Inside America’s Largest Cage-Free Dog Rescue
25 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this BIG episode of The Determined Society, we spotlight a mission built on love, action, and second chances. Lauree Simmons, founder of Big Dog R...
Shark attack survivor: Tiffany Johnson on shifting perspectives for “Be An Overcomer Ministries”
21 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What happens when the unthinkable happens—and you live to tell it? In this special episode of The Determined Society, Tiffany Montgomery shares the...
THE PULSE: Real Talk, Rebuilds, and the Relentless Drive Behind the Brand
18 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
This isn’t just episode one—it’s a full-spectrum behind-the-scenes dive into what’s really happening at The Determined Society. In this premi...
Camp Mystic: Texas Flood Survivors’ mom, Aimee Key tells their story
14 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
When record-breaking floods swept through Camp Mystic in Hunt, Texas, it wasn’t just a natural disaster — it was a spiritual and emotional reckoni...
U.S. AC Crisis No One's Talking About: The backstory from Jorge Alvarez, iGasUSA
11 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What if the next thing to break… was your air conditioning—and no one could fix it? In this urgent and eye-opening episode, Shawn sits down with ...
10X Elena Cardone: Empire Builder, Grant Cardone Foundation, and Family First
07 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this powerhouse episode of The Determined Society, Elena Cardone—entrepreneur, author, and co-founder of the Grant Cardone Empire—joins Shawn t...
Pamela Anderson’s Resurgence in The Last Showgirl – Creators Robert Schwartzman & Kate Gersten
04 Jul 2025
Contributed by Lukas
How a “The Last Show Girl” Writer and Producer find purpose & creativity, and rely on family in the face of uncertainty. Show Notes: In this int...
Jeff Leach on Surviving Hollywood, Headlines, and Himself
30 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
From voiceover icon to battlefield entertainer to relentless truth-seeker — Jeff Leach brings a perspective few can match. In this deep yet lighthea...
Jamie Kennedy's Unfiltered Hustle
27 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
From Scream to Malibu’s Most Wanted to stealing the mic on the stand-up stage — Jamie Kennedy brings decades of hustle, heart, and heat to The Det...
Jay Leno: Legacy in Motion - Inside His Garage & Life
26 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In one of the most surreal episodes to date, Shawn French sits down with the legendary Jay Leno for an unforgettable conversation, inside his private ...
What Real Fatherhood Looks Like
20 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Nate Norman returns to The Determined Society for one of the most raw and transformative conversations on fatherhood, masculinity, and purpose. From...
$115 Million Later: Why Risk Built Everything
16 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Tanner Chidester built a $115M empire from scratch, no investors, no backup plan, just relentless drive. In this episode, he opens up to Shawn Frenc...
Why Yat Siu Believes Digital Ownership Will Change the World
13 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Yat Siu, founder of Animoca Brands, joins Shawn French to explore the future of digital ownership, decentralization, and why Web3 isn't just a trend, ...
Reality TV, Risk, and Regret: What Mark O'Brien Learned from Love Hotel
09 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Mark O'Brien joins Shawn French to unpack what really happens behind the scenes of reality TV, and why he did it anyway. From hang gliding to heartb...
Money Queen Mindset: Reinventing Success on Your Terms
06 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Former corporate CFO turned entrepreneur Bridget Boucha joins Shawn French to share her raw journey of reinvention, identity shifts, and financial emp...
How He Lost $300M and Came Back Stronger
02 Jun 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Serial entrepreneur Derik Fay joins Shawn French to share the raw, unfiltered story of how he built 33 companies from the ground up after growing up i...
Fixing Confidence Through Cosmetic Surgery
30 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Dr. Gregory Albert shares how reconstructive surgery can be a tool for emotional healing. From domestic violence to body image struggles, this episo...
What Tiger Woods’ Caddie Learned From 13 Majors
26 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Steve Williams spent over a decade alongside Tiger Woods, witnessing the most dominant era in golf history. In this powerful conversation, Steve break...
From Chronic Pain to Global Healing: The True Story Behind Theragun
23 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
After a devastating motorcycle accident, Dr. Jason Wersland didn’t just recover, he reinvented recovery. In this powerful episode, Dr. J and host ...
Tommy Davidson Opens Up: Pain, Comedy, and the Fight to Belong
19 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Tommy Davidson went from being abandoned as a baby to becoming a comedy icon. In this powerful conversation, he shares how love, identity, and persp...
How Jo Weatherford Rewired Her Brain After Trauma and Addiction
16 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Jo Weatherford opens up about the trauma that shaped her early life and how it led her down a path of addiction and self-destruction. From the adult...
Kindness Is Power and Rejection Built Me
12 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Brad Meltzer shares his powerful origin story; from growing up in a one-bedroom apartment with six family members to becoming a 13-time New York Times...
He Was Ready to Quit Until This Happened
09 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Jeremy Anderson shares how hitting rock bottom, losing everything, and battling addiction shaped him into a powerhouse speaker and leader. From suic...
From Playmate to Filmmaker: Brande Roderick’s Journey of Grit and Growth
06 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Brande Roderick joins Shawn French to share her incredible journey from Baywatch and Playmate of the Year to directing and producing her first feature...
Leaving Corporate and Betting on Yourself | Kiera Palmer on The Determined Society
05 May 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Kiera Palmer shares her powerful story of leaving toxic corporate life, betting on herself, and building two thriving businesses. From emotional l...
Luxury Living Redefined With Gil Dezer
28 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this powerful episode of The Determined Society, Shawn French sits down with Gil Dezer, the visionary behind South Florida’s most iconic luxury t...
Rob Gronkowski on Pain, Purpose, and Being Built Different
25 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Rob Gronkowski joins host Shawn French for a raw and hilarious look at what it really takes to win, on and off the field. From getting beat up by hi...
From NFL Star to Youth Savior: Marlin Jackson’s Mission to Heal Trauma
21 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Super Bowl champion Marlin Jackson opens up about surviving childhood trauma, picking off Tom Brady in the AFC Championship, and why he created a tech...
The Cheat Code to Success: Believe in Yourself & Execute Daily
18 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
What’s the real cheat code to building success and living a life of purpose? It's not books, podcasts, or flashy routines, it’s internal belief an...
Divorce Didn’t Break Her, It Built Her
14 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Luxury realtor Heather Shepherd opens up about breaking free from a narcissistic marriage, reclaiming her life, and building an empire for herself and...
Overcoming the Odds: Edgar Munoz’s Journey to Real Estate Success
11 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
From overcoming gang life and connections to becoming a successful entrepreneur in real estate, Edgar Munoz shares his incredible journey with Shawn F...
Saving Lives Through Music: The Untold Story of Recovery Unplugged
08 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Grammy-winning songwriter Richie Supa and Recovery Unplugged founder Andrew Sossin sit down with host Shawn French to share the powerful story behind ...
Kanye, Control, & Celebrity Abuse: A Lawyer’s Unfiltered Take
07 Apr 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this jaw-dropping episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with powerhouse Texas attorney Michelle O’Neil to unpack the dis...
Reversing Aging and Living Longer with Bryan Johnson: The Blueprint for Longevity
31 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, Shawn French sits down with longevity expert Bryan Johnson, the creator of the Don't Die Summit and founder...
How Iron Asylum Gym Inspires Determination and Discipline in Every Member
28 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Alvin Lapitan and Kyle Florio, the owners of Iron Asylum Gym. They share...
Fuel Fest 2025: Tyrese & Cody Open Up About Paul Walker, Car Culture, and Raising $700k for Charity
24 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this emotional and inspiring episode of 'The Determined Society', Tyrese Gibson, Cody Walker, and Shawn French discuss the legacy of Paul Walker, t...
Building a Community, Not a Company | The Power of Determination & Leadership in Real Estate
21 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society Podcast, Michael Little and Edwin Rodriguez share their journey of building a powerful community within Iron...
Behind the Scenes of Oscar-Worthy Film 'Beyond The Rush': Mena Suvari, Bill Barrett & Robert Sayegh
16 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with writer and director Robert Sayegh, along with actors Mena Suvari and Bill ...
How Matt Kantro is Redefining Settlements with Noble Title & Escrow
14 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Matt Kantro, President and CEO of Noble Title & Escrow, to discuss the jou...
How Ben St. Juste Beat the Odds to Succeed in the NFL
10 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Join us as we dive into an inspiring conversation with Shawn French, host of The Determined Society, and Benjamin St. Juste, the starting defensive ba...
Insights from Coach Michael Burt on Pursuing Greatness and Activating Your Prey Drive
05 Mar 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this compelling episode of The Determined Society, coach Michael Burt shares his journey from a celebrated basketball coach to a successful entrepr...
Radical Liberal Policies Destroy California: 18,000 Families Displaced | Grant Cardone on TDS
24 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this powerful episode, Grant Cardone discusses how radical liberal policies have devastated California, leaving 18,000 families without homes. He...
Glow in the Dark Success: Cory Cubano's Unseen Struggles and Triumphs
17 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Join us for an in-depth conversation on The Determined Society as host Shawn French chats with former college athlete turned professional baseball pla...
Exposing the Dark Side of Military Service: From Homeless to Hero with Janae Sergio
10 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this riveting episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Janae Sergio, a best-selling author, philanthropist, and former s...
Making $50 Million in 1 Year: Brad Miller's Transformation From Rock Bottom to Financial Freedom
03 Feb 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Join Shawn French in this riveting episode of The Determined Society podcast as he sits down with Brad Miller, the founder of Southern Tier Telecommun...
The Michael Little Story - From Foster Care to Real Estate Mogul | The Determined Society
27 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society Podcast, host Shawn French sits down with Michael Little, the resilient founder of Iron Valley Real Estate. ...
Unlocking Your Fitness Potential with Josiah Novak: The Power of Consistency and Self-Belief
20 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French interviews fitness expert Josiah Novak. Discover the secrets behind Josiah's 3M System fo...
Training High-Performance Athletes with Giovanna Giancola | The Omni Performance Institute
13 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Welcome to another episode of The Determined Society Podcast! Join us as we dive into an inspiring interview with Giovanna Giancola at the Omni Perfor...
Inside the Wild World of Gronk Fitness and Gronk Beach | Shawn French Talks with Gordie Gronkowski
06 Jan 2025
Contributed by Lukas
Join us in this week's episode of The Determined Society as host Shawn French chats with Gordie Gronkowski! Discover hilarious stories about the Gronk...
The Rollercoaster Year: Struggles, Triumphs, and Staying Determined
30 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, Shawn French dives deep into the challenges and triumphs of the past year. He addresses the difficulties fa...
Remembering Jaxon Tippet: A Tributary Conversation with Sharon Orval on The Determined Society
23 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this heartfelt episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French welcomes his good friend Sharon Orval to pay tribute to the late fitness influe...
Mindset Mastery: Joe Pavich Jr. Shares His Journey to $1.9 Billion in Sales | The Determined Society
16 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of "The Determined Society," host Shawn French converses with accomplished real estate professional Joe Pavich Jr. The episode highl...
Rising from the Trenches: John Huffman’s Journey from Struggle to Success on The Determined Society
09 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In the latest episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French interviews John Huffman, a local entrepreneur and CEO of Huffman's Construction Gro...
Surviving the Unthinkable: Cheryl Hunter's Journey from Trauma to Triumph
02 Dec 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this captivating episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French sits down with Cheryl Hunter, a three-time bestselling author, four-time TED ...
Finding Hidden Gems with Travis Wallace: Uncovering the Best-kept Secrets and Unexpected Adventures
25 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this dynamic episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French engages in an inspiring conversation with Travis Wallace, a reinvention specialis...
Peter Jensen's Redemption: From Prison to Peak Performance | True Story of Discipline & Motivation
18 Nov 2024
Contributed by Lukas
In this episode of The Determined Society, host Shawn French engages in a candid conversation with serial entrepreneur Peter Jensen about the importan...