Bloomberg Talks
Episodes
Ed Yardeni Talks Markets Calls and Economy
22 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Yardeni Research President Ed Yardeni talks about the year that was and risks to the global economy in 2024 with Bloomberg Lisa AbramowiczSee omnystud...
Former Dallas Fed President Talks Markets
22 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Former Dallas Fed President speaks on the markets and the Fed with Bloomberg's Shery Ahn and Haidi Stroud-WattsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy...
Jeremy Hunt Talks UK-Switzerland Agreement
21 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
UK Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt outlines the new financial agreement reached by the UK and Switzerland to align financial services between ...
First Quantum Minerals CEO Talks Panama Copper Mine Shutdown
20 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
First Quantum Minerals CEO Anthony Tristan Pascall talks about how the mining company will move forward after Panama's government ordered it to end op...
Conference Board Chief Economist Talks Consumer Sentiment
20 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Conference Board Chief Economist Dana Peterson discusses why consumer sentiment on the economy is improving at the end of a chaotic year, and what loo...
Baroness Catherine Ashton Talks Immigration, Ukraine, European Defense Spending
20 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
University of Warwick Chancellor Baroness Catherine Ashton discusses why she thinks it's hard to say whether Europe is making a holistic sweep to the ...
Masimo Founder, Chair, CEO Joe Kiani Talks Patent Dispute with Apple
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Masimo Founder, Chair, and CEO Joe Kiani discusses the patent dispute with Apple over its blood oxygen sensor. He speaks with Bloomberg’s Caroline H...
Bank of America CEO Talks Year End Review
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Brian Moynihan, Chairman & CEO of Bank of America speaks with Bloomberg's David Westin on the bank's yearly overall and what he anticipates for 20...
Mohamad El-Erian Talks Markets in 2023
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Bloomberg Opinion Columnist Mohamad El-Erian joins Bloomberg's Jonathan Ferro to discuss an array of markets movers and a reflection of the markets in...
Richard Clarida Talks 2023 Fed Decisions
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Richard Clarida, Global Economic Advisor at PIMCO, reflects on the Federal Reserve's decision last week, a reflection of monetary decisions in 2023, a...
Laurence Boone Talks Geopolitics and EU Economy
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Laurence Boone, France’s Minister for European Affairs, speaks on the US and France sending a naval fleet to the Red Sea and overall international a...
BlackRock's Rick Rieder Talks Fed Rate Cuts, ETFs
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
BlackRock senior managing director and chief investment officer of global fixed income Rick Rieder says market expectations for Fed rate cuts in March...
BlackRock's Kate Moore and Jared Woodard of BofA Securities Talk Markets
19 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Kate Moore, BlackRock global allocation head of thematic strategy, and Jared Woodard, head of the research investment committee at Bank of America Sec...
Former NY Fed President Bill Dudley Talks Fed Policy
18 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Bloomberg Opinion columnist and former New York Fed President William Dudley says the market may be getting ahead of itself when it comes to Fed rate ...
Ifo President Clemens Fuest Talks German Economy
18 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
German business expectations worsened for the first time since August, according to an expectations gauge by the Ifo Institute. Ifo President Clemens ...
RE/MAX CEO Nick Bailey Talks Housing Market Upturn
15 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
RE/MAX CEO Nicholas Bailey says he sees some optimism coming soon to the US housing market, even for millennials. He speaks with Bloomberg's Vonnie Qu...
Bank of New York Mellon CEO Talks Longevity, Basel III Endgame
15 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
BNY Mellon CEO Robin Vince discusses the bank's 240-year history, preparing for any kind of 2024 economy and his expectations that US policymakers wil...
Music Legend Patti LaBelle Talks Her Soul Food Brand
14 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Music Legend Patti LaBelle discusses her popular soul food brand Patti's Good Life. She speaks with Bloomberg's Romaine Bostick. See omnystudio.com/l...
White House National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi Talks COP 28 Outcomes
14 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
White House National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi discusses outcomes of the COP 28 Climate Summit. He speaks with Bloomberg's Romaine Bostick and Katie G...
Moderna CEO Stephane Bancel Talks Skin Cancer
14 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Moderna CEO Stephane Bancel discusses the joint effort between Merck and Moderna to create a vaccine that combats skin cancer. He speaks with Bloomber...
Conservative MP Harriett Baldwin Talks Sexism in the City
14 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Treasury Select Committee Chair Harriett Baldwin discusses Sexism in the City, a parliamentary inquiry examining sexism and misogyny in London. She sp...
SEC Chair Gary Gensler Talks New Hedge Fund Rules, Crypto
13 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
The SEC voted on new requirements for hedge funds and brokerages that SEC chair Gary Gensler says will help lower risk throughout the financial system...
Shinola Watch Co. CEO Awenate Cobbin Talks Retail Expectations
13 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Shinola Watch Co. CEO Awenate Cobbin discusses expectations for retail sales data. He speaks with Alix Steel and Guy Johnson.See omnystudio.com/listen...
Marathon Asset Management Chair, CEO Bruce Richards Talks Rate Cuts
13 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Marathon Asset Management Chair and CEO Bruce Richards discusses the prospects for rate cuts from the Federal Reserve and ECB. He speaks with Bloomber...
Wedbush Securities Analyst Dan Ives Talks Tesla Recalls
13 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Wedbush Securities Analyst Dan Ives discusses the recall of 2 million Tesla cars and his expectations for exponential growth of the major tech stocks ...
PGIM's David Hunt Talks 2024 Outlook
12 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
PGIM President and CEO David Hunt discusses his outlook for 2024. He speaks with Bloomberg's Romaine Bostick and Katie Greifeld. See omnystudio.com/l...
FC Dallas President Dan Hunt Talks Fan Engagement
12 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
FC Dallas President Dan Hunt discusses the upcoming season and the league's efforts to build engagement with fans. He speaks with Bloomberg's Romaine ...
BMW North America CEO Sebastian Mackensen Talks EV demand
12 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
CEO of BMW North America Sebastian Mackensen discusses the growing demand for EVs, plans to manufacture electric cars in the US and whether the UAW is...
White House Economic Advisor Heather Boushey Talks CPI
12 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
White House Council of Economic Advisors member Heather Boushey discusses November inflation data, whether prices are going in the right direction for...
Palestinian Prime Minister Talks Postwar Gaza
12 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
The Palestinian Authority is working with US officials on a plan to run Gaza after the ongoing war is over, with one of its top leaders arguing that I...
Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin Talks Abortion, Colleges, and the Economy
11 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin has been floated as a potential future presidential candidate, but is facing scrutiny after the GOP lost control of t...
Arm CEO Rene Haas Talks AI, Smartphones, China
11 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Arm CEO Rene Haas speaks exclusively with Bloomberg's Tom Mackenzie at the company's global headquarters in Cambridge, UK. The pair spoke about how Ar...
Honeywell CEO Talks Supply Chain Issues
08 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Honeywell International CEO Vimal Kapur talks about the company's investment strategy and supply chain constraints with Bloomberg's David Westin. See...
Larry Summers Talks Jobs Report
08 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Former Treasury Secretary and Special Bloomberg Contributor Larry Summers breaks down the jobs report numbers with Bloomberg's David Westin. See omny...
Acting Labor Secretary Talks Labor Data Mishap
08 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
US Acting Labor Secretary Julie Su can't explain why the labor data website was down on Friday morning, then discusses the still-strong November jobs ...
Katherine Tai Talks AI and Trade Agreements
07 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
US Trade Representative Katherine Tai speaks on US trade agreements and AI with Bloomberg's David Westin from the Aspen Security Forum See omnystudio...
Chipotle CEO Talks Hot Stock
07 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Chipotle Mexican Grill CEO Brian Niccol speaks on the company's stock rally and the future of the restaurant sector competing with weight loss drugs. ...
Affirm CEO Talks America's Credit Problem
07 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Max Levchin, CEO of Affirm, a buy now pay later provider, discusses what's wrong with credit in America and why so many consumers are turning to buy n...
Bill Ackman Talks Economy, US Politics
07 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Pershing Square Capital Management founder and CEO Bill Ackman joins 'The David Rubenstein Show' to discuss his take on the economy, the upcoming US e...
AMD CEO Talks Rivaling Nvidia
06 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Advanced Micro Devices CEO Lisa Su talked about launching a new AI semiconductor chip and the growing market for AI technology. She speaks with Bloomb...
Homebuilder Exec Talks Meeting US Housing Demand
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
National Association of Homebuilders CEO Jim Tobin discusses how the industry will start to meet demand next year despite continuing headwinds like ou...
Land's End CEO Talks Holiday Shopping
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Lands' End Inc CEO Andrew McLean talks about holiday shopping for apparel and 2024 outlook with Bloomberg's Romaine Bostick and Scarlet FuSee omnystud...
Mark Smucker Talks Portfolio Outlook
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
JM Smucker Co President and CEO Mark Smucker speaks on his company's portfolio outlook and retail expectations with Bloomberg's Guy Johnson and Alix S...
Apollo CEO Marc Rowan Talks Private Credit
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Apollo CEO Marc Rowan discusses the future of private credit, his view on the current field of presidential candidates, and campus antisemitism at his...
Apollo Chief Economist Torsten Slok Talks US Labor Market
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Torsten Slok, chief economist at Apollo, explains why the US labor market will “gradually be softer and softer” over the next several months. He s...
Apollo Global Management Co-Pres Jim Zelter Talks Fed Rates
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Apollo Global Management Co-Pres Jim Zelter discusses the Fed's decision to keep rates high. He speaks with Bloomberg's Tom Keene, Jonathan Ferro &...
Mohamed El-Erian Talks Market Euphoria
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Mohamed El-Erian says investors and analysts risk underestimating the challenges ahead during this period of understandable market euphoria. He speaks...
John Kerry Talks Climate Change
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
US Special Presidential Envoy for Climate Change John Kerry says that he fears the green transition is not happening fast enough. He also is calling o...
Ray Dalio Talks Climate Targets, US Leadership
05 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Bridgewater Associates Founder Ray Dalio discusses his outlook on climate. He also says that US Leadership is fundamental for climate cooperation. Dal...
CalSTRS CIO Christopher Ailman Talks Economic Outlook
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
CalSTRS (Cal State Teachers Retirement System) Chief Investment Officer Christopher Ailman speaks on the economic outlook from 2023 and into 2024 with...
Energy Secretary David Turk Talks China, Coal Usage
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
US Energy Secretary David Turk discusses China and coal usage with Bloomberg's Tom Keene and Lisa Abramowicz.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy i...
World Bank President Ajay Banga Talks Climate Finance, Private Sector
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
World Bank President Ajay Banga discusses climate finance and collaboration with the private sector with Bloomberg's Jen Zabasajja.See omnystudio.com/...
EPA Administrator Michael Regan Talks US Climate Initiatives and Business
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
EPA Administrator Michael Regan discusses the strength US climate initiatives and the impact on business with Bloomberg's Yousef Gamal El-Din.See omny...
National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi Talks Renewables, Climate Policy
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
White House Office National Climate Advisor Ali Zaidi discusses renewables deployment and the reduction of fossil fuels and at the COP28 Summit with B...
Philipp Hildebrand Talks COP28 Climate Initiatives
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Blackrock Vice Chair Philipp Hildebrand discusses the climate initiatives at the COP28 Summit, and the capital needed to fund solutions with Bloomberg...
Bill Gates Talks Climate Outlook
04 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates discusses his outlook on climate with Bloomberg's Francine Lacqua from the sidelines of COP28 in Dubai. See omnystudi...
Hate Crimes Surge in Wake of Gaza War
02 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Reports of crimes targeting Jews, Muslims and Arabs have risen around the world in since the Oct. 7 Hamas attack on Israel, and the Israeli military’...
Larry Summers Talks Munger/Kissinger
01 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Former Treasury Secretary and Bloomberg Contributor Larry Summers remembers Charlie Munger and Henry Kissinger with Bloomberg's David Westin. See omn...
Build-A-Bear CEO Talks Holiday Sales
01 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Build-A-Bear Workshop President/CEO Sharon Price John speaks on the company's outlook for this year's holiday retail sales of teddy bears with Bloombe...
HP President and CEO Talks Nvidia Relationship
01 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Hewlett Packard Enterprise President/CEO Antonio Neri talks about the company's partnership with Nvidia with Bloomberg's Jonathan Ferro and Lisa Abram...
Greece Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis Talks Green Production
01 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Greece Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis talks about how he wants his nation to provide energy security to other European countries. He also says tha...
Fashion Designer Stella McCartney Talks Sustainable Fashion
01 Dec 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Fashion Designer Stella McCartney discusses sustainable fashion and policy changes in the industry to help it become cleaner. She spoke with Bloomberg...
Ford CFO Talks Post-Strike Outlook
30 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Ford CFO John T Lawler discusses the financial impact of the UAW strike, how the carmaker plans to grow amid higher labor costs and flatter-than-expec...
Robinhood CEO Vladimir Tenev Talks UK Launch
30 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Robinhood Markets CEO Vlad Tenev talks about the investment service launch in the UK, making their international debut in 2024. He's been speaking wit...
BONUS SPECIAL: The Legacy of Henry Kissinger
30 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Henry Kissinger, the child refugee who rose to become US Secretary of State and defined American foreign policy during the 1970s with his strategies t...
AIG CEO Peter Zaffino Talks AI, Geopolitics and Climate Change
29 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
AIG chief executive officer Peter Zaffino sees opportunities and challenges with the introduction of AI to the insurance industry. He speaks on that a...
Galaxy Digital CEO/Founder Mike Novogratz Talks Markets, Binance
29 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Galaxy Digital CEO/Founder Mike Novogratz discusses the Magnificent Seven's impact on the markets, and the Binance settlement with Bloomberg's Sonali ...
Binance CEO Richard Teng Talks New Role, Overhauling the Business
29 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
New Binance CEO Richard Teng joins Bloomberg's Francine Lacqua to discuss his role at the helm of the world's largest crypto exchange, and how he plan...
General Motors CEO Mary Barra Talks EVs, Company Outlook
29 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
General Motors Chair and CEO Mary Barra discusses company outlook and the adoption of more affordable EVs. She speaks with Bloomberg's Jonathan Ferro....
Howard Marks Talks Legacy of Charlie Munger
29 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Oaktree's Howard Marks remembers the life of Berkshire Hathaway Vice Chair, Charlie Munger. He speaks with Bloomberg's Tom Keene and Lisa AbramowiczSe...
Amazon Web Services CEO Adam Selipsky Talks New AI Chips
28 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Amazon Web Services chief executive officer Adam Selipsky talks about his company's new custom chips for AI and its partnership with Nvidia. He speaks...
Bill Dudley Talks Crypto
28 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Bloomberg Opinion Columnist and former NY Fed President Bill Dudley speaks on the state of the crypto industry with Bloomberg's Tom Keene, Lisa Abramo...
Bank of England Deputy Governor Talks Inflation
28 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
The Bank of England Deputy Governor Dave Ramsden tells Bloomberg that UK inflation has become more 'homegrown' and that rates need to remain higher fo...
Blackstone CEO Steve Schwarzman Talks Real Estate Deals
27 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Blackstone chairman, co-founder and CEO Steve Schwarzman says his firm is eyeing opportunities in real estate across Europe. He spoke about that and m...
Lloyds Banking Group CEO Talks Economic Outlook
27 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Lloyds Banking Group CEO Charlie Nunn tells Bloomberg that investment in the UK is lower than it ever has been historically, given domestically the un...
UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak Talks Economy, Antisemitism
27 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak discusses his outlook for the UK economy. He also offered some carefully measured criticism of Elon Musk for endorsing a...
Clemens Fuest Talks German Economy
24 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Dr Clemens Fuest, President of the IFO Institute, speaks to Bloomberg's Caroline Hepker and Tom Mackenzie about the German economy.See omnystudio.com/...
Macy's CEO Jeff Gennette Talks Earnings, Holiday Shopping, Retirement
24 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Macy's CEO Jeff Gennette discusses earnings, the holiday shopping season, and his retirement. He speaks with Bloomberg's Caroline Hyde. See omnystudi...
Ferrari CEO Talks Switching to EVs
23 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Ferrari CEO Benedetto Vigna talks on the transition to electric for Ferrari and the challenges the company faces with Bloomberg's Francine Lacqua. Se...
JC Penney CEO Talks Black Friday
22 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
JC Penney Co CEO Marc Rosen speaks on the pivotal retail sale holiday and earnings with Bloomberg's Romaine Bostick See omnystudio.com/listener for p...
Torsten Slok & Larry Adam Talk Markets Movers
22 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Apollo Management Chief Economist Torsten Slok and Raymond James Chief Investment Officer Larry Adam speak on stocks and an overview of the market for...
Andurand Capital Management CIO Talks Oil Production
22 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Pierre Andurand, founder and Chief Investment Officer of Andurand Capital Management says OPEC+ may need to announce deeper oil production cuts amid a...
Coinbase CEO Talks Binance Plea Deal, Crypto Regulation
22 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong discusses his reaction to the crypto exchange Binance pleading guilty for violating US sanctions and anti-money launderin...
Abercrombie & Fitch CEO Talks Brand Turnaround
21 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Abercrombie & Fitch Co CEO Fran Horowitz talks finding the sweet spots for the company's brands, aging up Abercrombie, and expectations for holida...
US Securities & Exchange Commissioner Hester Peirce Talks Crypto Regulation
21 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
US Securities & Exchange Commissioner Hester Peirce talks developing a regulatory framework and legislation for crypto markets as drama unfolds be...
Mobius Capital Partners Co-Founder Mark Mobius Talks Argentine Stocks
21 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Mobius Capital Partners co-founder Mark Mobius talks outlook and opportunities for the Argentine economy post-election of Javier Milei and short-term ...
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella Talks OpenAI and Sam Altman's Future
21 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Microsoft chief executive officer Satya Nadella talks about the whirlwind of events that led to OpenAI co-founder Sam Altman joining Microsoft, as Ope...
PFL Chairman Donn Davis Talks M&A in MMA
20 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Professional Fighters League Chairman/Co-Founder Donn M Davis speaks on their competition with UFC with Bloomberg's Scarlet Fu and Romaine Bostick. S...
OpenTable CEO Debby Soo Talks Holiday Season Dining Demand
20 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
OpenTable chief executive officer Debby Soo discusses her outlook for the restaurant industry heading into the holiday season. She speaks with hosts R...
UBS Global Wealth Management CIO Mark Haefele Talks Big Tech
20 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
UBS Global Wealth Management chief investment officer Mark Haefele discusses his outlook for markets, including how he sees promise in big tech compan...
Jefferson River Capital Chairman Tony James Talks Private Equity
18 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Tony James, Jefferson River Capital Chairman walks through the evolution of private equity and the broader world of alternative investments from the e...
Alphabet's Pichai Talks China, Artificial Intelligence
17 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Alphabet Inc. Chief Executive Officer Sundar Pichai said he expects China to be “at the forefront” of artificial intelligence, and said it’s imp...
E-40 Talks Business Ventures
16 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Musician & Entrepreneur E-40 (Earl Stevens) talks about his latest album and cookbook with Bloomberg's Romaine Bostick. See omnystudio.com/listen...
Liberty Media CEO Greg Maffei Talks F1
16 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Liberty Media President and CEO Gregory Maffei speaks on the F1 race in Las Vegas with Bloomberg's Scarlet Fu and Katie Griefeld See omnystudio.com/l...
US Ambassador to Japan Rahm Emanuel Talks Geopolitics
16 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
US Ambassador to Japan Rahm Emanuel discusses progress on relations between the US, China, and Japan. He speaks with Bloomberg's Annmarie Hordern. Se...
Larry Summers Talks Inflation and Fed Policy
16 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Former Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers said that “transitory factors” have been one element in a faster slowdown in US inflation than he a...
Stanford Scientist Talks AI in Healthcare
15 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Dean of Stanford University's School of Medicine Lloyd Minor talks AI's transformative power in health care, how it can make the system more equitable...
Visa Chairman Talks APEC
15 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Visa Chairman Al Kelly talks optimism at the APEC Summit beyond the Biden-Xi meeting and how Visa plans to support underserved small businesses. He sp...
Jamie Dimon Talks Inflation and the Fed
15 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
JPMorgan Chase Chief Executive Officer Jamie Dimon said that people are over-reacting to short-term numbers “and they should stop doing that.” “...
Israeli Government Spokesperson Talks Gaza Hospital Raid
15 Nov 2023
Contributed by Lukas
Israeli Government Spokesperson Eylon Levy discusses the Israeli military operation inside the al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza, bringing aid for civilians i...